Domain 1-Injury and Illness Prevention and Wellness Promotion

Bolded answer in the term is my original answer, the correct answer is on the definition slide

Osteoporosis is a condition that predominantly affects older women. Which of the following prevention strategies would provide the most significant impact?

A. Moderate swimming and increased vitamin C intake

B. Weight-bearing activities and increased calcium intake

C. Maintaining 10% body fat and using minimal-resistance stationary bike

D. Increased electrolytes and use of nonsteroidal antiinflammatory medication

E. Avoidance of physical activity and dairy products

B. Weight-bearing activities and increased calcium intake is crucial for enhancing bone density and reducing the risk of osteoporosis.

You are an athletic trainer at a high school that sponsors 22 sports. There are approximately 500 athletes. For this high school, which preparticipation examination format is the most effective and efficient?

A. Provide a station-based examination with the assistance of multiple medical and healthcare professionals before the start of each sport season.

B. Provide individual examinations with the assistance of five family practice physicians stationed in individual examination rooms.

C. Provide station-based examination with the assistance of multiple medical and healthcare professionals in the summer before the start of the school year.

D. During the summer months, schedule individual appointments for each athlete with the team physician.

E. Require each athlete to obtain on his or her own a physical examination through a licensed healthcare provider

A. Provide a station-based examination with the assistance of multiple medical and healthcare professionals before the start of each sport season.

Which of the following people should be included in the worksite ergonomic risk assessment?

A. Worker’s direct supervisor, stockholders in the company, and risk management coordinator

B. Worker, director of human resources, and athletic trainer

C. Facility nurse, director of human resources, and athletic trainer

D. Worker, athletic trainer, and occupational therapist

E. Safety engineer, risk management coordinator, and director of facility security

D. Worker, athletic trainer, and occupational therapist

Which of the following bloodborne pathogens is most commonly contracted by healthcare workers?

A. Hepatitis C (HCV)

B. Human papillomavirus (HPV)

C. Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)

D. Hepatitis D (HDV)

E. Hepatitis B (HBV)

E. Hepatitis B (HBV)

Which of the following conditions would disqualify a student athlete from participation in football?

A. Absence of one kidney

B. Mild hypertension

C. Inguinal hernia

D. Controlled epilepsy

E. Sickle cell trait

A. Absence of one kidney

What is the purpose of including a wellness screening as part of the preparticipation exam?

A. To disqualify the athlete from participation

B. To determine if the athlete is engaging in healthy or unhealthy behaviors and lifestyle habits that pose a threat to wellness

C. To screen for health maintenance, personal hygiene, and potential for infectious diseases

D. To assess physical maturity in order to protect young, physically undeveloped athletes

B. To determine if the athlete is engaging in healthy or unhealthy behaviors and lifestyle habits that pose a threat to wellness

Which of the following is an examination of injury prevalence data you might gather when analyzing your injury rates?

A. Number of injuries sustained during practice sessions

B. Number of new ankle injuries sustained by the soccer team during the fall season

C. Total number of injuries sustained by the basketball team

D. Average number of injuries per athlete per practice session

C. Total number of injuries sustained by the basketball team

An athletic trainer working at the secondary school level may elect to send concussion awareness information and return-to-play requirements home with each athlete before the start of each sports season. What legislative actions over the past decade have prompted this educational effort?

A. The majority of states have enacted sports safety laws related to removal from participation, evaluation, and return-to-play requirements after concussion

B. Parent organizations and booster clubs have lobbied for educational efforts

C. State athletic training practice acts require patient education following concussion

D.National highschool athletics governing bodies require patient and family education related to concussions.

A. The majority of states have enacted sports safety laws related to removal from participation, evaluation, and return-to-play requirements after concussion

You elect to utilize the SCAT5 to establish baseline data. Which portion of the SCAT5 assesses cognitive function?

A. Glasglow Coma Scale (GCS)

B. Standardized Assessment of Concussion (SAC)

C. Maddocks score

D. Balance Error Scoring System (BESS)

B. Standardized Assessment of Concussion (SAC)

You are using a Snellen eye chart to assess baseline visual acuity . An athlete is able to comfortably read the line associated with 20/40 vision in the right eye and 20/50 vision in the left eye. What action should you take?

A. No action is necessary

B. Retest the athlete serially for 2 to 3 weeks to see if you get the same results

C. Refer the athlete to an optometrist for evaluation

D. Hold the athlete from all participation pending referral results.

C. Refer the athlete to an optometrist for evaluation

You elect to have a patient complete a McGill Pain Questionnaire before his or her rehabilitation appointment. Which type of patient-reported outcome scale is being used?

A. Generic instrument

B. Disease-specific instrument

C. Site-specific instrument

D. Dimension-specific instrument

D. Dimension-specific instrument

Sports medicine physicians and healthcare professionals may recommend an athlete with certain medical conditions or injuries discontinue or not commence participation in certain sports or physical activity. What person can make the final disqualification of an athlete?

A. Team physician

B. Athletic director

C. Athlete

D. Athletic trainer

C. Athlete

A negative (“no”) response to which of the following questions to a preparticipation examination medical history form would warrant referral to a healthcare professional for additional screening?

A. Do you limit or carefully control what you eat?

B. Has anyone recommended you change your weight or eating habits?

C. Are you happy with your weight?

D. Are you trying to gain or lose weight?

E. Are you taking any medications or supplements for weight loss or weight gain?

C. Are you happy with your weight?

To determine the diagnostic accuracy of a newly designed physical examination test, researchers calculate the test’s sensitivity. Which statement regarding test sensitivity is correct?

A. Sensitivity is also known as the “true negative rate”

B. Sensitivity is calculated as true positives/(true positives+false negatives)

C. Sensitivity describes the test’s ability to detect patients who do not have the disorder

D. Sensitivity is calculated as true negatives/(true negatives+ false positives)

E. Sensitivity is also known as the “diagnostic gold standard”

B. Sensitivity is calculated as true positives/(true positives+false negatives)

What should you calculate if you want to determine the incidence for last season’s men’s soccer team, per the number of individual athlete exposures?

A. Incidence of injury

B. Injury prevalence

C. Injury exposure rate

D. Injury likelihood ratio

C. Injury exposure rate

The Cooper 1.5 mile run test is commonly used to assess aerobic fitness. What outcome data are produced from this assessment?

A. Maximal heart rate

B. Minutes run

C. Distance run

D. Sweat rate

B. Minutes run

Preparticipation skin checks for wrestlers determine participation eligibility. With which of the following dermatological conditions may have a wrestler compete, provided that the active lesions are adequately covered?

A. Community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (CA-MRSA)

B. Herpes simplex virus

C. Impetigo

D. Furuncles

E. Tinea corporis

E. Tinea corporis

You receive a call from your team physician alerting you that the female equestrian athlete you had referred to him has been diagnosed with type 1 diabetes. You decide it is important to counsel the athlete on the impact of the injury on her disease. Which statement is an accurate representation of the effect that injury may have on glycemic control?

A. Athletes with type 1 diabetes appear to have an exaggerated glycemic response to trauma.

B. Injury does not affect an athlete with type 1 diabetes any differently than an athlete without type 1 diabetes.

C. Athletes with type 1 diabetes are at an increased risk for infection

D. Athletes with type 1 diabetes, even those with poorly controlled blood glucose, will demonstrate fracture healing at a similar rate to athletes without diabetes

A. Athletes with type 1 diabetes appear to have an exaggerated glycemic response to trauma.

A swimmer at a highschool for which you are the athletic trainer has been diagnosed with Wolff-Parkinson -White syndrome. Which statement best characterizes this condition?

A. Currently the leading cause of sudden death in athletes

B. Characterized by a prolonged P-R interval and a shortened QRS complex

C. Results in atrial pre-excitation and bradycardia due to accessory pathway electrical activity

D. Results in delayed atrial excitation and tachycardia due to an electrical accessory pathway

E. Characterized by ventricular pre-excitation and tachycardia due to electrical conduction over accessory pathways

E. Characterized by ventricular pre-excitation and tachycardia due to electrical conduction over accessory pathways

Which of the following statements most accurately describes the effectiveness of tape in supporting a joint?

A, Current research is inconclusive regarding the effectiveness of taping

B. Support is the most effective after 15 minutes of warm-up

C. Support is more effective in adolescent athletes compared with senior athletes

D. Taping is a key component in an injury prevention program

E. Effectiveness is attributed solely to its ability to limit range of motion

A, Current research is inconclusive regarding the effectiveness of taping

What is the only therapeutic modality for which federal performance standards currently exist?

A. Ultrasound

B. Electrical stimulation

C. Phoresor

D. Paraffin bath

E. Mechanical cervical traction

A. Ultrasound

You suspect that a swimmer may be experiencing symptoms of overtraining. Which of the following situations is a significant indicator of overtraining?

A. The athlete demonstrates increased whole-body muscle tone

B. The athlete complains of being easily agitated

C. The athletes reports increased urinary output

D. The athlete’s blood pressure is below preparticipation baseline

E. The athlete’s resting heart rate is elevated above preparticipation baseline

E. The athlete’s resting heart rate is elevated above preparticipation baseline

What is the recommended intensity for cardiovascular training during a continuous workout?

A. 30%-45% of max heart rate

B. 45%-60% of max heart rate

C. 70%-85% of max heart rate

D. 90%-100% of max heart rate

C. 70%-85% of max heart rate

After evaluating data for the past 5 years on injury rates and medical expenses incurred by the athletic department, the institution elects to purchase a secondary insurance policy to cover those expenses. What type of risk management strategy is being utilized?

A. Avoidance

B. Retention

C. Transference

D. Reduction

C. Transference

An athlete on your women’s basketball team is diagnosed with the mumps. How would you best manage this condition to reduce the risk for other members of her team?

A. Send the athlete home for a minimum of 35 days and educate the other members of the team about the symptoms of the disease.

B. Provide antiviral medication for everyone who has been exposed and isolate the sick athlete so that no additional exposure will occur

C. Isolate the sick athlete until the parotid swelling returns to normal, verify the immunization records and vaccinate other team members if necessary, and educate anyone who has been exposed about the symptoms

D. Treat the athlete symptomatically with analgesics and rest, verify the immunization record of anyone else who has been exposed and provide vaccinations for those who have not been vaccinated

C. Isolate the sick athlete until the parotid swelling returns to normal, verify the immunization records and vaccinate other team members if necessary, and educate anyone who has been exposed about the symptoms

Based on laboratory studies, what safety measure appears to be the most effective method. for reducing the risk of commotio cordis in youth sports?

A. Use of standard lacrosse chest protectors

B. Use of safety baseballs

C. Use of coach for pitching in baseball and softball

D, Use of age, height, and weight-appropriate bats in baseball and softball

B. Use of safety baseballs

Which response demonstrates an athletic trainer responding with cultural awareness and sensitivity to an athlete who asks that reflexology be incorporated into his sports injury treatment plan?

A. “The current sports medicine literature doesn’t support the effectiveness of reflexology in treating musculoskeletal injuries such as yours”

B. “I don’t know much about reflexology, but tell me why you feel it may be helpful”

C. “As a healthcare professional I practice evidence-based medicine and avoid grasping at treatment techniques just because they are new or exciting sounding”

D. “Since you are from another country you may not understand all aspects of the treatment we are providing you, so feel free to ask questions”

B. “I don’t know much about reflexology, but tell me why you feel it may be helpful”

The universal wet bulb globe temperature (WBGT) index provides objective information athletic trainers can use in making recommendations regarding exercise in hot and humid environments. WBGT is calculated from three different thermometers providing three environmental variables. Which thermometer provides a measure of the sun’s radiant energy?

A. Globe temperature (GT)

B. Wet bulb temperature (WBT)

C. Dry bulb temperature (DBT)

D. Sol bulb temperature (SBT)

A. Globe temperature (GT)

Ultimately the frequency of helmet recertification and reconditioning is up to the discretion of the athletic trainer. However, if no warranty exists or after the warranty expires, how often must the helmets be recertified and reconditioned using a vendor approved by NOCSAE?

A. Every year

B. Every 2 years

C. At the end of the playing season

D. Every 4 years

E. Recertification/reconditioning not recommended after warranty expires

B. Every 2 years

Your athlete is unable to wear contact lenses. Corrective eyeglass lenses made of which of the following materials would you recommend for participation?

A. Polycarbonate lenses

B. Plastic lenses

C. Polyethylene lenses

D. Fiberglass lenses

E. Ethyl vinyl acetate lenses

A. Polycarbonate lenses

Which football player would be most likey to wear a cantilevered shoulder pads?

A. Quarterback

B. Punter/Kicker

C. Youth football player

D. Linebacker

E. Wide receiver

D. Linebacker

What type of. material is capable of absorbing force through deforming its shape and then quickly returning to its original form?

A. Open-cell foam

B. Moleskin

C. Closed-cell foam

D. Felt

E. Thermo-moldable plastic

C. Closed-cell foam

Which of the following is the best material for constructing a functional protective device to protect a humeral exostosis?

A. Plater cast material and orthopedic felt

B. Thermo-moldable plastic and adhesive moleskin

C. FIberglass roll and orthopedic felt

D. Thermo-moldable plastic and closed-cell foam

E. Adhesive Sorbothane and adhesive felt

D. Thermo-moldable plastic and closed-cell foam

Which of the following statements is true regarding selection of tape size and type?

A. Elastic adhesive tape is used for bodily areas requiring high tensile strength

B. Tape is qualified based on the grade of backing, the quality of adhesive mass, and the winding tension

C. Large-width tape is used for bodily areas requiring high tensile strengths

D. The more acute the angles required, the wider the tape must be to fit the contours

E. Elastic tape is used for joints that do not expand with motion

B. Tape is qualified based on the grade of backing, the quality of adhesive mass, and the winding tension

Which type of soft orthotic material has a high energy-absorbing quality with a high density, making it effective for preventing blisters and absorbing ground reaction forces in multiple directions?

A. Sorbothane

B. Orthopedic felt

C. Sponge rubber

D. Gauze padding

E. Closed-cell foam

A. Sorbothane

Which of the following wraps should you select to most effectively apply shoulder spica to a female collegiate volleyball player?

A. 6-in. x 10-yd bandage

B. 6-in. x 6-yd elastic bandage

C. 4-in. adhesive elastic tape

D. 6-in. adhesive elastic tape

E. 4-in. x 10-yd. elastic bandage

E. 4-in. x 10-yd. elastic bandage

According to the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) guidelines, what organization must certify shin guards worn by soccer players?

A. American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM)

B. NCAA Committee on Competitive Safeguards

C. National Operating Committee on Standards for Athletic Equipment (NOCSAE)

D. Soccer Equipment Certification Certification Center (SECC)

B. NCAA Committee on Competitive Safeguards

What is the best time of day to fit an athlete for shoes?

A. First thing in the morning

B. After a workout

C. Late in the day

D. After completion of a warm-up and stretching session

C. Late in the day

Your volleyball setter is returning to participation following a distal radius fracture. The team physician has requested that she wear a hard splint for the first 2 weeks. What steps must be take so that she can play?

A. The head referee must approve the hard splint before the match.

B. The splint must be covered on every surface in ½ in. thick slow rebounding foam

C. The splint can be worn in practice but may not be worn in matches

D. The athlete will be unable to participate until the splint is removed

B. The splint must be covered on every surface in ½ in. thick slow rebounding foam

When fitting a patient with a commercial shoulder arm sling, in approximately what degree angle should the elbow be positioned?

A. 20 degrees

B. 45 degrees

C. 70 degrees

D. 140 degrees

C. 70 degrees

When initially fitting and checking the fitting of an issued football helmet, the manufacturer’s directions for proper fit should be followed carefully. Which of the following represents a correct step in fitting a football helmet?

A. Helmet ear holes should align with the inferior aspect of the athlete’s ear lobes

B. Two finger widths should be available between the helmet cheek pads and the athlete’s cheeks

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D. The forehead pad of the helmet is at least three finger widths above the eyes

C. The back of the helmet covers the base of the skull

A seal from this organization appears on eye protection, such as eye guards, manufactured in compliance with American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) International Standards.

A. NOCSAE

B. HECC

C. CSA

D. PECC

D. PECC (Protective Eyewear Certification Council

What mandatory equipment is required by both the NCAA and the National Federation of High School Sports (NFHS) for any athlete participating in the sport of wrestling?

A. Elbow pads

B. Knee pads

C. Mouth guard

D. Ear guard

D. Ear guard

Mouth-formed mouth guards are one category of mouth guards. What action should be followed when fitting a mouth-formed mouth guard?

A. Submerge the mouth guard in boiling water for at least 5 minutes

B. Place the heated guard into the mouth, press the lips together to create a seal, and suck the guard against the upper arch

C. With the heated guard in the mouth, bring the upper and lower jaw together to gently bite into the guard to imprint teeth pattern

D. After the mouth guard is formed, cut the posterior ends and trim the edges next to the gums as much as needed for comfort

B. Place the heated guard into the mouth, press the lips together to create a seal, and suck the guard against the upper arch

When designing a hydrotherapy area, which design elements are recommended to reduce the risk of patient injury?

A. Electrical outlets must be at least 3 feet off the floor and equipped with the GFIs, and hydrotherapy tanks should be connected directly to a floor drain

B. Electrical outlets must be at least 2 feet off the floor, hydrotherapy tanks should be connected directly to the floor drain, and floors should be carpeted to reduce slippage

C. Electrical outlets must be equipped with GFIs, floors should be sloped toward the drains to minimize puddling,and lighting should be a minimum of 140 W

D. The area should be a minimum of 60 sq. ft per athlete being serviced, walls should be constructed from cinderblock, and floors should be carpeted to reduce slippage

E. The area should use only natural lighting and should be a minimum of 10 sq. ft. per athlete being serviced, and plumbing fixtures should include mixing valves and foot pedal activators.

A. Electrical outlets must be at least 3 feet off the floor and equipped with the GFIs, and hydrotherapy tanks should be connected directly to a floor drain

Which government agency has developed national guidelines for the safety and efficacy of low-level lasers?

A. Occupational Health and Safety Administration

B. Department of Health and Environment Control

C. American Medical Association Committee on Medical Safeguards

D. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services

E. U.S. Food and Drug Administration

E. U.S. Food and Drug Administration

In addition to appropriate management and monitoring of medical conditions, why is it important that the examiner review all medications listed on the health history with the athlete during the preparticipation examination?

A. The athlete may not be receiving appropriate medical care

B. The review of medications may provide information about underlying medical conditions that were not disclosed on the health history

C. The reviewer can screen for substance abuse issues

D. The medications must be documented for drug testing purposes

B. The review of medications may provide information about underlying medical conditions that were not disclosed on the health history

An athlete sustains a laceration during a game that results in blood saturating the uniform. How would you properly manage the situation in order to return the athlete to the game?

A. The athlete may be returned to the game immediately as long as the wound is no longer actively bleeding

B. The athlete must be removed from competition for the remainder of the game

C. The uniform must be cleaned with an approved disinfectant for fabrics before returning to the game

D. The athlete must change the portion of the uniform that is saturated before returning to the game

D. The athlete must change the portion of the uniform that is saturated before returning to the game

A basketball player has recently been diagnosed with tinea corporis and started on a topical fungicide. Under what conditions will the athlete be allowed to return to play?

A. The athlete can play as long as the area is covered

B. The athlete can return to play after using the fungicide for 72 hours if the lesion is covered by a gas-permeable membrane and tape

C. The athlete can return to play if the symptoms of the virus, such as fever and fatigue, have disappeared and no new lesions have been observed for the past 72 hours

D. The athlete can return to play after being on antibiotics for 24 hours and covering the lesion with a gas-permeable membrane and tape

B. The athlete can return to play after using the fungicide for 72 hours if the lesion is covered by a gas-permeable membrane and tape

What type of running shoe tread is recommended by shoe manufacturers?

A. Flat with herringbone pattern

B. Pivot dot pattern

C. Slip resistant

D. Deep groove

D. Deep groove

You are attempting to use your ultrasound machine but it seems that there is no power to the device. You check the outlet and note that the ground fault current interrupter has been tripped. This is the first time this has occurred. What action should you take?

A. Call an electrician to evaluate the outlet

B. Connect an extension cord from the outlet to the ultrasound machine to distribute the voltage

C. Check to see that there are not multiple devices plugged into the outlet, press the reset switch and continue with your treatment

D. Unplug all devices until the facility can be inspected by your fire safety office

C. Check to see that there are not multiple devices plugged into the outlet, press the reset switch and continue with your treatment

You have selected shortwave diathermy to increase tissue temperature in a patient’s hamstring. Before treatment, you communicate to the patient expected sensations. Which of the following statements made by the patient during the treatment might indicate that the tissue is being overheated?

A. “I feel a really deep ache in my hamstring”

B. “I feel like the muscle is contracting”

C. “It feels really, really hot, but not burning”

D. “I feel like I am starting to sweat”

A. “I feel a really deep ache in my hamstring”

A secondary school athlete is forced to sit out for days 5 and 6 of preseason initial 14-day heat acclimatization period due. to injury. What day of the protocol will this athlete be on when he returns to practice?

A. Day 7

B. Day 5

C. Day 4

D. Day 1

B. Day 5

Your patient has been provided a neoprene sleeve brace for support for her patellofemoral joint condition. Which of the following is a manufacturer brace care recommendation for this type of brace?

A. Wash in hot water using a mild detergent

B. Dry using a hot air laundry dryer

C. Air dry

D. Wash in hot water using a 10:1 bleach solution

C. Air dry

Foam is commonly used for constructing padding. One type of foam, open-cell foam, can be used as a liner for custom made pads. What statement is correct regarding open-cell foam?

A. Deforms quickly when stressed, providing minimal shock absorption

B. Deforms slowly when stressed, providing minimal shock absorption

C. Deforms quickly when stressed, providing a high level of shock absorption

D. Deforms slowly when stressed, providing a high level of shock absorption

A. Deforms quickly when stressed, providing minimal shock absorption

Dehydration in an exercising person can increase risk for exertional heatstroke. Athletes who are dehydrated need to replace fluids. Based on current research, how should fluid lost during exercise be replaced?

A. The athlete should replace fluid lost by drinking primarily water and avoiding sports drinks

B. The athlete should replace fluid lost by drinking water until athlete is no longer feeling thirsty

C. The athlete should replace fluid by drinking more fluid than fluid lost

D. The athlete should replace fluid lost by drinking appropriately formulated sports drinks

D. The athlete should replace fluid lost by drinking appropriately formulated sports drinks

Sports can be classified based on their comparative risk of injury. According to the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP), in which of the following categories would soccer be classified?

A. Contact/Collision

B. Noncontact

C. Intermittent Contact

D. Noncollision

E. Limited contact

A. Contact/Collision

In the final 5 minutes of a highschool girls’ lacrosse game the win picks up, the skies darken, and you hear thunder. Based on the recommendations from NATA position statement on lightning safety for athletics and recreation, what action should you take?

A. All individuals, including coaches, officials, players, and spectators, should immediately go to a safe location

B. The coaching staffs and officials should be informed of the possibility of lightning and instructed to begin making plans for eventual evacuation if lightning is spotted

C. The designated “weather watcher” should, based on the sound of the thunder, estimate the arrival time of the storm’s lightning and inform all individuals of this estimated arrival time

D. The school’s director of athletics or highest ranking administrator in attendance should inform the coaching staffs and officials if the game must be completed, regardless of weather, if needed in determining seeding for postseason competition

A. All individuals, including coaches, officials, players, and spectators, should immediately go to a safe location

The volleyball team is participating in a beach volleyball tournament. The coach has given the players sunscreen with SPF 15. What does an SPF of 15 imply?

A. The athletes can be exposed to UV light 15 times longer than they could without any sunscreen before their skin turns red

B. The athletes can safely stay in the sun for 150 minutes before their skin turns red

C. The athletes have 15 microlayers of skin protection against harmful UV rays

D. The athletes will have protection against 15 different types of UV rays

E. The athletes can safely stay in the sun for 15 hours before their skin turns red

A. The athletes can be exposed to UV light 15 times longer than they could without any sunscreen before their skin turns red

In what way does the level of acclimatization impact recommendations for activity as the wet bulb globe temperature index increases?

A. Activity recommendations remain the same regardless of levels of acclimatization.

B. As the WGBT index increases the recommended work/rest ratio decreases, but water intake remains static for acclimatized individuals for acclimatized individuals.

C. Water intake recommendations increase for unacclimatized individuals, but the work/rest ratio remains the same for both groups

D. Nonacclimatized individuals are at risk of heat illness with extreme exertion even at low WGBT levels (<78 degrees F)

D. Nonacclimatized individuals are at risk of heat illness with extreme exertion even at low WGBT levels (<78 degrees F)

When exercising in an environment where ambient temperature os greater than skin temperature and relative humidity is low, what form of heat transfer is the body’s most efficient and most relied on means of heat loss?

A. Radiation

B. Convection

C. Evaporation

D. Conduction

C. Evaporation

As an athletic trainer working for a large manufacturing company, you have been tasked with conducting an ergonomic risk assessment for the workers who move the boxed product from the assembly line to the shelves in the storage room. From your ERA you have identified risk factors to be controlled to minimize risk of workplace-related injury. You have recommended a maximum box size for moving by a single person. What type of control measure have you recommended?

A. Administrative changes

B. Physical changes

C. Personal protective equipment changes

D. Wellness changes

A. Administrative changes

Which of the following skills may be evaluated in a functional capacity evaluation completed before developing a work hardening o conditioning program?

A. 40 yard sprint line

B. Vertical jump height

C. Hand grip strength

D. 1 minute sit-up maximum

C. Hand grip strength

Which condition is characterized by redness, tingling, swelling, and pain in the fingers or toes during exposure to cold, wet conditions over an extended period of time of 1 to 5 hours?

A. Chilblains

B. Frost nip

C. Superficial frostbite

D. Deep frostbite

A. Chilblains

A few days after running from a trail run one of your cross country runners complains of headache, fatigue, and fever followed by a red ringlike rash with a red center. What condition do you suspect?

A. Ringworm

B. Lyme disease

C. Spider bite

D. Rocky mountain spotted fever

B. Lyme disease

You are coordinating medical care for a large road race that included 5k, 10k, and half marathon events. What key educational information should be included in participation guidelines regarding fluid replacement?

A. Participants should be encouraged to drink as much as possible in the 48 hours leading up to the race

B. Participants should be encouraged to drink fluids at every water station the course

C. Participants should be provided with a copy of the event safety plan and locations of every water station

D. Participants should be provided with strategies to avoid overconsumption of water and dehydration

D. Participants should be provided with strategies to avoid overconsumption of water and dehydration

In addition to a rectally assessed core body temperature above 105 degree F, what post-collapse symptom is the other criterion for diagnosing exertional heatstroke?

A. Involuntary muscle spasm

B. Tachycardia

C. Central nervous system dysfunction

D. Hyperventilation

C. Central nervous system dysfunction

A city is hosting a 10k race to benefit at-risk-inner city youth. The race course includes running through the city’ developed and highly populated sections. At what time during the day should the race begin to best minimize the risk of runners experiencing problems due to air pollution?

A. Late dawn

B. Midday

C. Early afternoon

D. Evening

D. Evening

What cold injury is most likely to occur in an athlete exposed to a damp, freezing cold?

A. Deep frostbite

B. Superficial frostbite

C. Chilblain

D. Frost nip

D. Evening

A female lacrosse player is exhibiting signs of disordered eating. According to the NATA position statement on preventing, detecting, and managing disordered eating in athletes, the certified athletic trainer plays an important role in managing an athlete who is being treated for an eating disorder. Which intervention is within the recommended role of the certified athletic trainer?

A. Determine limitations of physical workouts based on team practice schedules

B. Make the initial diagnosis and design a treatment plan

C. Be willing to work individually with athletes with disordered eating who do not want to seek treatment from physicians or psychotherapists.

D. Assume the role of the informed patient advocate

D. Assume the role of the informed patient advocate

What hormone or hormones are secreted by the corpus luteum?

A. Progesterone

B. Human growth hormone (HGH)

C. Progesterone and estrogen

D. Luteinizing hormone (LH)

E. Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)

C. Progesterone and estrogen

Which of the following conditions is the leading cause of cardiac problems in middle-aged and older physically active people?

A. Cystic fibrosis

B. Marfan’s syndrome

C. Cardiac arrhythmia

D. Artherosclerotic coronary disease

E. Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

D. Artherosclerotic coronary disease

Which of the following is recommended for pediatric athletes to minimize overuse injuries?

A. Pediatric athletes should have 3 to4 days off per week

B. Pediatric athletes should participate on a maximum of two teams of the same sport per season

C. Pediatric athletes should begin a general fitness, conditioning, strengthening, and flexibility program 2 months before the start of the competitive sports season

D. Pediatric athletes should progress the duration, load, and intensity of workouts by no more than 20% per week.

C. Pediatric athletes should begin a general fitness, conditioning, strengthening, and flexibility program 2 months before the start of the competitive sports season

Which of the following lists contains only disaccharides?

A. Glucose, lactose, maltose

B. Lactose, galactose, glucose

C. Galactose, fructose, glucose

D. Sucrose, fructose, maltose

E. Maltose, lactose, sucrose

E. Maltose, lactose, sucrose

What is considered a cause of mineral deposits in the kidneys, blood vessels, and other soft tissues in the body?

A. Excessive dietary vitamin A

B. Inadequate dietary vitamin D

C. Excessive dietary vitamin D

D. Excessive dietary vitamin K

E. Inadequate dietary vitamin K

E. Maltose, lactose, sucrose

Distribution of oxygen and usable metabolic materials occurs through which vessels?

A. Arteries

B. Veins

C. Glands

D. Capillaries

E. Venules

D. Capillaries

What is the primary function of the gallbladder?

A. Secrete digestive enzymes

B.Store bile

C. Release insulin into the bloodstream

D. Produce hormones for regulating carbohydrate metabolism

E. Store glucose

B.Store bile

A seventh-grade runner participating on a cross-country team is running approximately 10 miles per week at the beginning of team practices. How many miles a week can the coach safely have the athlete run in the second week of practice?

A. 11 miles

B. 12 miles

C. 15 miles

D. 20 miles

A. 11 miles

Which method of assessing body composition is relatively easy to perform clinically, requires limited equipment, and has a measurement error of only 3% to 5%?

A. Bioelectric impedance

B. Skinfold measurement

C. Hydrostatic weighing

D. Dual energy x-ray absorption scan (DEXA)

B. Skinfold measurement

Which of the following serial blood pressure measurements would indicate the need for referral and probably medication management?

A. 136/76 mm Hg

B. 128/78 mm Hg

C. 110/68 mm Hg

D. 102/60 mm Hg

A. 136/76 mm Hg

An athlete presents with a potential major mental health disorder, and medical intervention is needed. referral to which of the following professionals is most appropriate?

A. A social worker holding an MSW degree

B. Psychologist holding a PsyD degree

C. Psychiatrist holding a DO degree

D. Psychologist holding a PhD degree

C. Psychiatrist holding a DO degree

While providing nutritional counseling to athletes, you recommend that in addition to consuming protein in a daily balanced diet, they consume protein during and immediately after an exercise session. What is the maximum total daily protein intake that is recommended, based on research suggesting more is unlikely to result in further muscle gains?

A. 1.0 g/kg/day

B. 2.0 g/kg/day

C. 3.0 g/kg/day

D. 4.0 g/kg/day

B. 2.0 g/kg/day

To which principle of conditioning does the SAID principle directly apply?

A. Individuality

B. Consistency

C. Progression

D. Overload

E. Safety

D. Overload

A runner who is trying to improve the quality of her carbohydrate intake asks you to explain the fiber information on the two energy bars she is comparing so she can make an educated choice. Which statement is correct?

A. Soluble (high-viscosity) giber is digestible carbohydrate found naturally in foods that increases fecal bulk and acts as a laxative speeding up the movement of food through the digestive system

B. Insoluble (low-viscosity) fiber is a digestible carbohydrate found naturally in foods that slows gastric emptying, increases the feeling of fullness, and may aid in decreasing blood cholesterol levels

C. Functional fiber in nondigestible carbohydrate that may have beneficial physiological effects and is typically added to foods

D. A food label stating it is “high fiber” food means one serving of the product contains the recommended daily allowance of fiber

C. Functional fiber in nondigestible carbohydrate that may have beneficial physiological effects and is typically added to foods

The women’ soccer coach emailed the director of athletic training requesting an ACL injury prevention program be developed and administered to her players during the upcoming nontraditional season. As you are the newly hired intern, you have been tasked with researching the current literature on ACL injury prevention programs. Which type of published study can provide you the strongest level of evidence?

A. Randomized controlled trial

B. Systemic review of RCTs

C. Outcomes research

D. Case series

B. Systemic review of RCTs

An athlete wants to gain lean muscle mass in order to improve his overall performance levels and is considering creatine supplementation. What action should you take first?

A. Evaluate the creatine supplement to make sure it does not include any banned substances

B. Assess the athlete’s current nutritional habits to see if those need to be adjusted

C. Educate the athlete on the advantages and disadvantages of supplements before approving its use

D. Conduct a thorough evidence-based review of the supplement to assess its efficacy

B. Assess the athlete’s current nutritional habits to see if those need to be adjusted

An athlete responds affirmatively to the following questions on the preparticipation medical history form: (1) I have trouble sleeping. (2) I lack energy many days of the week. (3) I rehash things many times. (4) I am often anxious or very nervous. (5) I lack confidence. (6) I have difficulty managing my emotions. What actions should you take based on these responses?

A. Encourage the student to begin meditation techniques to decrease stress

B. Enroll the student in a stress management class at the counseling center.

C. Restrict the student-athlete from practices until a full mental health evaluation is completed

D. Alert the team physician so follow-up questions can be asked to gain additional information

D. Alert the team physician so follow-up questions can be asked to gain additional information

You are conducting a preparticipation medical evaluation for all student athletes entering your institution’s intercollegiate football program. To comply with recommendations in the NCAA sports medicine handbook, what should be included in this evaluation? Select all that apply

A. Confirmation of sickle cell solubility status

B. Musculoskeletal evaluation

C. Body fat composition assessment

D. Standardized, comprehensive health history

E. Cardiovascular evaluation

F. Immunization history

G. Relevant physical examination

H. Visual screening

I. Neurologic evaluation

A. Confirmation of sickle cell solubility status

B. Musculoskeletal evaluation

D. Standardized, comprehensive health history

E. Cardiovascular evaluation

F. Immunization history

G. Relevant physical examination

I. Neurologic evaluation

Classify each of the causes of sudden cardiac death in young athletes as structural/functional, electrical, or other.

• Commotio cordis

• Long QT syndrome

• Coronary artery anomalies

• Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

• Wolff-Parkinson-White Syndrome

• Drugs and stimulants

• Marfan Syndrome

• Myocarditis

Structural/Functional:

• Coronary artery anomalies

• Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

• Marfan Syndrome

• Myocarditis

Electrical:

• Long QT syndrome

• Wolff-Parkinson-White Syndrome

Other:

• Drugs and stimulants

• Commotio cordis

What are the signs and symptoms of undiagnosed type 1 diabetes? Select all that apply

A. Incoordination

B. Fatigue

C. Polyuria

D. Areflexia

E. Polydipsia

F. Agonal breathing

G. Blurry vision

H. Slowly healing cuts or bruises

A. Incoordination

B. Fatigue

C. Polyuria

E. Polydipsia

G. Blurry vision

H. Slowly healing cuts or bruises

What actions should be taken to minimize this athlete’s risk of experiencing an exertional sickling episode? Select all that apply

A. Allow the athlete longer rest periods between conditioning repetitions

B. Exclude athlete from participation in performance tests

C. Adjust work-rest cycles in heat so that all-out exertion is limited to no more than 8 minutes

D. Encourage athlete to maintain optimum hydration levels

E. Do not allow athlete to practice if he is feeling ill.

F. Require athlete to use supplemental oxygen between each conditioning repetition

G. If athlete has asthma, ensure asthma is controlled

A. Allow the athlete longer rest periods between conditioning repetitions

B. Exclude athlete from participation in performance tests

D. Encourage athlete to maintain optimum hydration levels

E. Do not allow athlete to practice if he is feeling ill.

G. If athlete has asthma, ensure asthma is controlled

To comply with NCAA recommendation, it is recommended student athletes be immunized and up-to date on which of the following? Select all that apply

A. Measles, mumps, rubella (MMR)

B. Hepatitis B

C. Diphtheria, pertussis, and tetanus (DPT)

D. Meningitis

E. Influenza

F. H1N1 virus

G. Human papillomavirus (HPV)

H. Herpes zoster

I. Fifth disease

A. Measles, mumps, rubella (MMR)

B. Hepatitis B

C. Diphtheria, pertussis, and tetanus (DPT)

D. Meningitis

E. Influenza