206 study guide flashcards exam 1

systolic is the _____ number (top or bottom)

top

diastolic is the _____ number (top or bottom)

bottom

normal heart rate should be __-__ beats per minute

60-100 beats per minute

bradycardia is?

heart rate less than 60

tachycardia is?

heart rate more than 100 beats per minute

Mean arterial pressure is?

70-110 mm Hg

pulse oximeter measures what?

heart rate and oxygen in your blood

normal percentage of hemoglobin should be?

95%-100%

normal respiratory rate should be?

12-20 breaths per minute

normal blood pressure should be?

systolic less than 120

diastolic less than 80

elevated blood pressure is?

systolic 120-129

diastolic less than 80

high blood pressure aka (hypertension) stage 1 is?

systolic 130-139

diastolic 80-89

high blood pressure aka (hypertension) stage 2 is?

systolic 140 or higher

diastolic 90 or higher

hypertensive crisis blood pressure is?

systolic higher then 180

diastolic higher than 120

what does nosocomial mean?

healthcare associated infection (HIA) (got a disease in healthcare setting)

what are the 5 cycles of infection in order?

host or reservoir

exit from host

modes of transmission (air)

portal of entry (mouth, nose)

susceptible host (someone who is not immune)

what are the six modes of transmission?

skin contact

Inhalation of airborne microbes

ingestion of contaminated food or water

bites from vectors such as ticks or mosquitos

sexual contact

transmission from mothers to their unborn children

what are universal precautions?

an approach to infection control to treat all human blood and certain human body fluids as if they were known to be infectious for HIV, HBV and other blood borne pathogens

airborne precautions are?

used for infections spread in small particles in the air such as chicken pox

droplet precautions are?

used for infection spread in large droplets by coughing, talking, or sneezing such as influenza

contact precautions are?

used for infections spread by skin-to-skin contact or contact with other surfaces such as herpes simplex virus

what order should you don PPE?

gown, mask, goggles/face shield, gloves

where should you don PPE?

before entering patients room

what is the proper order of doffing PPE?

gloves, gown, goggles/face shield, mask

where should you doff PPE?

inside patient care area

a ventilator is also called a?

respirator

a ventilator is a machine that help a person _____?

breath

the procedure for a ventilator is called?

intubation

intravenous lines IVs are tubes place in a person’s _____ to deliver ____ and ____ to the person’s body

veins; medications and fluids

arterial lines are tubes placed in a person _____ to measure _____ _____

arteries; blood pressure

what is a Foley Catheter used for?

to collect and monitor a person’s urine output

a nasogastric tube (NG tube) is used to?

deliver medication and nutrients directly to a persons stomach

an EKG machine does what?

monitors a persons heart rate

what does a pulse oximeter measure?

the amount of oxygen in the blood stream

what is the Under Water Seal Drain & Chest
Tube

better question- what is the chest tube and what is the under water seal drain

a chest tube is a long hollow tube inserted between the ribs and into the pleural space

a underwater seal drain is the specialized drain which is attached to the chest tube

Under Water Seal Drain & Chest Tube how does it work?

a chest tube inserted to drain either extra air and/or fluid from the pleural space

BiPAP (Bi-Level Positive Air Pressure)

what is it?

relatively small device that assists with a patient's breathing. It is connected by flexible tubing to a face mask worn by the patient

Nasogastric Tubes how do they work?

allows the Intensive care staff to empty the stomach and prevent the buildup of fluids. Can also provide a way to give medication or food to a patient who cannot swallow.

Suction Catheters are?

are long flexible tubes that are used in intensive care to remove fluids from the mouth and airways of critically ill patients

Patient Controlled Analgesia (PCA) what is it?

delivers pain relief medication to a patient through an intravenous cannula when they push a button

Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation (ECMO) what is it?

used in Intensive Care when the lungs and/or heart are very sick and unable to perform their usual function in providing oxygen and blood to all the other important organs in the body

Endotracheal Tube (ETT or Breathing Tube) what is it?

plastic tube used during mechanical ventilation, a
procedure to assist a patient in breathing.

Bedside Monitors what are they?

ICU monitor, which looks like a television or computer screen, displays some of the body’s major functions by continuous waveforms or numbers.

Intracranial Pressure Monitoring what is it?

A special probe called an Intracranial Pressure Monitor (ICP) may be inserted into a ventricle of the brain or into brain tissue to measure this pressure.

Sequential Compression Devices

used in intensive care to reduce the risk of deep vein
thrombosis (DVT) in the lower limbs of critically ill patients.

Tracheostomy what is it?

a small tube placed in a patient's trachea (windpipe) through the neck. The tracheostomy tube is an artificial airway.

what can cause shock?

excessive bleeding, changing from a supine to an upright position, or excessive heat may induce shock.

what are the 5 signs and symptoms of shock

pale moist and cool skin;

shallow or irregular breathing;

dilated pupils;

a weak or rapid pulse;

dizziness or nausea.

what position should you put a patient in if they’re in shock?

supine with head slightly lower than legs

what are the signs and symptoms of seizures?

seizures may result in a specific disorder, brain injury, or medication. Usually becomes rigid and staue-like for a few seconds then begins to convulse with a whole-body jerking motion. probably turn blue and stop breathing for up to 50 to 70 seconds

an insulin reaction can be caused by?

too much systemic insulin, the intake of too little food or sugar, or too much physical activity