Plant Anatomy & Physiology Flashcards

Flashcards about plant anatomy and physiology based on a worksheet.

What tissue transports water from roots to leaves?

Xylem

Which part of the flower is the female reproductive structure?

Pistil

Which plant hormone is responsible for fruit ripening?

Ethylene

What is the waxy covering that prevents water loss in leaves called?

Cuticle

What is the plant’s food-conducting tissue?

Phloem

What is the stalk that connects the leaf blade to the stem called?

Petiole

What are the tiny projections on roots that increase surface area for absorption called?

Root hairs

What is the process of water evaporating from leaves called?

Transpiration

What is the sticky top of the pistil that collects pollen called?

Stigma

What tropism is a plant's response to light?

Phototropism

What part of the cell absorbs sunlight for photosynthesis?

Palisade Mesophyll

What part of the cell opens and closes stomata?

Guard Cells

What part of the cell produces pollen?

Anther

What part of the cell contains ovules and develops into fruit?

Ovary

What part of the cell produces new xylem and phloem cells?

Cambium

What are two functions of roots?

Anchoring the plant and absorbing water and nutrients.

What is the function of stomata, and how are they controlled?

Regulate gas exchange; controlled by guard cells.

What hormone promotes ripening of fruit?

Ethylene

What hormone stimulates stem elongation?

Gibberellin

What hormone regulates cell division?

Cytokinin

What hormone inhibits plant growth?

Abscisic Acid

What hormone is involved in phototropism and fruit development?

Auxin

What are vascular bundles arranged in, in a monocot stem?

A scattered arrangement

What main root grows long and deep?

Tap root

What tissue system lies between dermal and vascular tissue?

Ground tissue system

What is a leaf with a single blade?

Simple leaf

In leaves, the loosely packed cells that help with gas exchange are the what?

Spongy mesophyll

Why is transpiration important to plant physiology?

Allows for water transport and maintains nutrient levels.

How do root hairs assist in water and nutrient uptake?

Increase surface area for increased uptake.

Why are guard cells vital for plant survival?

Control gas exchange and water loss.

How does the structure of xylem and phloem relate to their function?

Xylem has hollow tubes for water transport; phloem has sieve tubes for sugar transport.

Why is it important that the ovary protects the ovules?

Shields ovules for proper development.

What type of ground tissue has thick, rigid cell walls?

Sclerenchyma

What is the stem part where leaves attach?

Node

What grows at the tips of roots and shoots and is responsible for growth?

Meristematic Tissue

What is the outermost layer of the root, stem, and leaf?

Epidermis

What are vascular bundles arranged in, in a dicot stem?

Ring

What does transpiration help with in a plant?

Helps cool the plant and pull water upward

Phloem

Tissue that transports sugars in plants.

Xylem

Tissue that transports water and nutrients in plants.

Cuticle

Waxy covering on leaves that prevents water loss.

Palisade Mesophyll

Layer of cells in leaves where most photosynthesis occurs.