Nutrition in Pediatrics Flashcards

Flashcards for pediatric nutrition lecture review.

Why is pediatric nutrition important?

Essential for growth and development, impacts immunity and cognition.

What happens to daily energy requirements as children get older?

Decreases with age.

What is the energy requirement for infants aged 0-3 months?

110-120 kcal/kg/day

What are the macronutrients?

Carbohydrates, proteins, and fats.

What are the micronutrients?

Iron, calcium, vitamin D, vitamin A, and zinc.

What is the recommended iron intake for infants?

2 mg/kg/day (2-4 mg/kg/day)

What is the recommended vitamin D intake for infants?

400 IU/day in first year of life (400-1000 IU/day)

What is significant about the first 1000 days of life in terms of nutrition?

Critical period from conception to 2 years impacting long-term growth.

What does the WHO recommend regarding breastfeeding duration?

Exclusive breastfeeding for 6 months.

What are the benefits of breast milk?

Increase immunity, bonding and reduce infections

What is the recommended milk intake for healthy term babies for the first four days?

day 1: 60 ml/kg/day; day 2: 90 ml/kg/day; day 3: 120 ml/kg/day; day 4: 150 ml/kg/day

What are the components of breast milk?

Lipids and fatty acids, carbohydrates, proteins, vitamins and minerals, hormones, antibodies, stem cells, enzymes

What characterizes foremilk?

Thinner, lower in fat, and higher in lactose.

What characterizes hindmilk?

Creamier, richer, and higher in fat.

How many calories are in breast milk?

About 20 calories per ounce.

What are the characteristics of colostrum?

High in protein, lower in fat and sugar, high in zinc. Smaller in volume

What are the indications of formula milk?

Maternal infection like HIV, lactose intolerance in the baby, medications that are not safe for the baby, insufficient breast milk

When should complementary feeding start?

Start at 6 months, nutrient-rich, age-appropriate, safe foods.

What anthropometric measures are used in nutritional assessment?

Weight, length/height, head circumference, weight for length, BMI.