ENERGY-DOWRI Heat Transfer - St's Copy

Solar Energy

The original source of all energy, derived from nuclear reactions in the Sun and converted into chemical energy through photosynthesis in plants.

Heat

A form of energy that is transferred between systems or objects with different temperatures.

Temperature

A measurement of the speed of particles’ movement, indicating how hot or cold an object is.

Celsius

A temperature scale where the boiling point of water is 100°C and the freezing point is 0°C.

Fahrenheit

A temperature scale where the boiling point of water is 212°F and the freezing point is 32°F.

Kelvin

A temperature scale where the boiling point of water is 373 K and the freezing point is 273 K; absolute zero is 0 K.

Absolute Zero

The theoretical temperature at which particles stop vibrating, equivalent to -273.15°C or 0 K.

Heat Transfer

The movement of heat from a high temperature area to a low temperature area, occurring through conduction, convection, and radiation.

Conduction

The transfer of heat energy in solids through direct contact, where vibrations are passed from particle to particle without movement of the particles themselves.

Convection

The transfer of heat energy in liquids and gases through the movement of particles, where hot air or liquid rises and cold air or liquid sinks.

Radiation

The transfer of heat energy through electromagnetic waves, such as infrared radiation, visible light, and other forms of radiation.

Insulator

A material that resists the flow of heat, such as air, polystyrene foam, and fibreglass insulation.

Convection Currents

The movement of fluid caused by the rising of warmer, less dense fluid and the sinking of cooler, denser fluid, which can occur in air and water.

Electromagnetic Spectrum

The range of all types of electromagnetic radiation, including infrared waves, visible light, ultraviolet rays, X-rays, and gamma rays.