Chapters 11-12

Motivation:

Motivation refers to a need/desire that energizes behaviour and directs it toward a goal

Instinct theory of human behaviour

An instinct is a fixed (predictable) pattern of behaviour that is not acquired by learning - rooted in genes/body.

Motivation:

Motivation refers to a need/desire that energizes behaviour and directs it toward a goal

Instinct theory of human behaviour

An instinct is a fixed (predictable) pattern of behaviour that is not acquired by learning - rooted in genes/body.

Drive reduction theory of human behaviour

A drive is an aroused/tense state related to a physical need such as hunger or thirst. Drive reduction theory refers to the idea that humans are motivated to reduce these drives, such as eating to reduce the feeling of hunger. This restores homeostasis, a steady internal state Need (Food, water) → Drive (hunger, thirst) → drive reducing behaviours

“Push” and “Pull”

Drives are based on inner needs and can be seen as a force “pushing” from inside of us Sense of achievement, curiosity, interest, pride. Incentives are external stimuli that can be used to “Pull” us in our actions. Money, grades, career, praise, exams. Example: Food, Money.