intelligence test

Francis Galton

Developed the first intelligence test

Eugenics movement

Aimed at improving the human gene pool

Alfred Binet

Created the first IQ test

Mental age

Average performance level of individuals at a specific age

Louis Leon Thurstone

Used factor analysis to identify seven primary factors of intelligence

Lewis Terman

Explored genetic explanations for general intelligence factor

Stanford-Binet IQ test

Analyzes mental age relative to chronological age

Flynn Effect

Suggests genetic potential for intelligence can be realized with stable conditions and proper nutrition

David Wechsler

Created the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale

Aptitude tests

Predict future performance and learning capacity

Percentile

Relative ranking out of 100 based on a specific variable

Standardized tests

Must be reliable, valid, and standardized

Predictive validity

Measures the ability of tests to predict future learning

Intellectual disability

Affects intelligence scores and ability to adapt to independent living

Cognitively gifted

Individuals with high IQs or general intelligence