Unit 14: The Age of Imperialism

what was the Industrial Revolution?

It was a time of development, in particular of industries. It is the process of transforming the economy with a focus on agriculture to a reliance on manufacturing.

When and where did the Industrial Revolution start?

Started in England, Manchester, in 1880-1920

what changes occurred in the Industrial Revolution?

Led to many new inventions → machines replaced human labor. Extremely dangerous working conditions and long hours. No protection for workers! Children worked and didn’t go to school.

why did the Industrial Revolution occur?

They had increased geographic knowledge and trade from colonies. Raw materials - coal, iron, rivers and streams. Patent laws encouraged innovation as it protected the rights of individuals. Enlightenment philosophers focused on the individual.

Characteristics of capitalism

economic/cultural system characterized by individualism, competition, and private investment, wealth, and productivity. Government does not intervene with economy.

what is the “invisible hand” regarding?

the free market as it regulates supply and demand of goods

what is the goal for capitalism

free enterprise

What is there increased… in capitalism

inequality

what is communism characterized by

no social classes, an economic/social system characterized by communal ownership of the means of production. Government controls resources.

Goal of communism

economic equality

what does communism create

equality yet little freedom

how did the Industrial Revolution lead to imperialism

European nations wanted to expand their markets and sell to more people and they wanted control of the resources necessary to power their new factories and manufacturing industry.

What were the causes of imperialism in Africa?

trade, raw materials, nationalism, feelings of racial and religious superiority, competition/power, acquisition/getting soldiers

what were the effects of imperialism in Africa

forced labor and slavery, political instability, dehumanization, starvation, murder, assimilation, spread of language and religion, increased industry and technology.

why was the imperialism in Africa called the “Scramble for Africa”?

Fought for land, European nations compete with each other to gain access to wealth and resources like rubber, gold, and diamond. Christianity is also spread.

When and where did the sepoy rebellion take place?

In India in 1857

what were the causes of the sepoy rebellion?

British took down their king, sepoys felt they were being forced into Christianity, English government wanted to convert them to Christianity, they went against their beliefs as they forced them to eat pork (which cows are sacred and rifles were greased with fat), Christianity and religion was implemented into their government, and many laws were set to degrade and ruin Hindu lives.

what protest tactics did Gandhi use?

Peaceful marches against unjust laws, made cloth themselves (instead of relying on England), boycotted British goods, disobey laws (salt), and hunger strikes

what were Gandhi’s goals?

satygrana (moral) and wanted India to gain independence.

What was Gandhi’s overall impact?

became a symbol of truth and peace, inspired future leaders, inspired civil rights movements and more.

Causes of the partition of India in 1947?

Big divide and conflict between Muslims and Hindus, growing tensions, negotiations were also unfair.

Results of the partitions of India in 1947

lots of death (including assassination of Gandhi) , independence and ideas of communism, war and violence, refugees, India spilt, unstable economy, lasting political and social consequences.

How did India spilt?

Muslims in Pakistan and Hindus in India

what were the causes of the Opium Wars?

Emperor daoguang orders British shipments of opium to be destroyed, 20,000 chests of opium were destroyed, happened during a seizure of British cargo, England then attacks China.

When did opium wars happen?

1839-1860

what were the effects of the opium wars?

British wins, Treaty of Najing, second opium war (Great Britain, France, Japan, German, and Russia wanted more territory and control of China)

treaty of nanjing

China had to pay reparations, Chinese ports open to British, British gained control of Hong Kong.

What were the causes of the boxer rebellion in 1900?

many people in china resented foreigner (westerners) and westerners often pressured them into Christianity

what were the effects of the boxer rebellion in 1900?

100,000 people died, China had to pay more reparations, not successful!!!!, Qing Dynasty fell apart, left economy unstable.

Positive effects of the industrialization in china?

advanced technology, became integrated into global economy, new jobs, increased access to goods.

Negative effects of industrialization in china?

Overcrowdness in urban areas, poor working conditions: chold labor, abuse, minimum wage, dramatic increase in pollution - lead to disease and worse health conditions.

Do you think that industrialization is good for society?

The Industrialization was good for the growth of society, but overall it was pretty negative. Some examples are it overworked people, polluted the earth, only the rich got richer from industrialization, and it created a division between the upper and lower class,

What was the East India Company?

Controlled all trade routes and much of India. Used slave labor and had a military and fought rival leaders (similar to a government)

When did India gain its independence

1947

how did Gandhi die

Was shot by Hindu extremist

Sphere of influence

Diplomatic term describing an area in which a foreign power or powered exerts significant military, cultural, or economic influence

Do you think industrialization in China is a positive step forward for the country, and for the world?

The industrialization in China has led to many positive things such as a wealth an economy and increased global influence, but as a whole it has come with a price. Many negative aspects have come from industrialization such as poor working conditions, pollution, overcrowdedness in urban areas, and worse health conditions.