topic 11 skull and cranial nerves

list the differences is a feutal and adult skull

fetal = Gaps in skull (fontanels) they are cartilaginous 

Flatter 

Tube between ear and nose 

Smaller jaw 

adult = elongation of skull 

name, function,distribution : I

olfactory, sensory, smell

name, function, distribution : II

optic, sensory, vision

name, function, distribution : III

occulomotor, motor, move eyeball

name, function, distribution : IV

Trochlear, motor, move eyeball

name, function, distribution : V

trigeminal, both, muscles of mastication, skin on face

name, function, distribution : VI

abducend, motor, move eyeball 

name, function, distribution : VII

facial, both, facial expression

name, function, distribution : VIII

Vestibulocochlear, sensory, hearing and balance

name, function, distribution : IX

glossopharyngeal, both, sense of pharynx

name, function, distribution : X

vagux, both, muscles of pharynx and larynx

name, function, distribution : XI

accesory, motor, join vagus

name, function, distribution : XII

hyperglossal, motor, muscle tongue

classify the temoromadibular joint

synovial biaxial condylar

articular surfaces of tempomadibular joint

Mandibular fossa of temporal bone, condyle of mandible

movements of tempomandibular joint

elevation/ depression, protraction/ retraction

describe the articular disk of temomandibular joint

• Improves articular fit

• Divides cavity into upper and lower compartment 

  • Roll in lower, slide in upper compartment 

• Attachment site for lateral pterygoid

describe the articular capsule of the temporomandibular joint

• Thin 

• Attaches to articular margins on temporal bone and to neck of mandible and articular disc 

• From disc to mandible = tight capsule - ensures disc moves with condyle of mandible 

• From disc to temporal bone = loose capsule - disc can move on mandibular fossa 

• Disc moves with the condyle when the jaw opens and closes 

describe the synovial cavity of the temporomandibular joint

Two cavities, one below and one above disc

state the attachment and action of the lateral ligament of the TMJ

From zygomatic bone, passes down (diagonally) and back to neck of mandible 

Limits retraction and depression

state the attachments and actions of the Stylomandibular ligament of TMJ

From styloid process of temporal bone, passes down and forward to angle of mandible 

Limits protraction and depression

state the attachments and actions of the Sphenomandibular ligament of TMJ

From sphenoid bone, passes down forward to medial surface of ramus of mandible (inside jaw) 

Limits protraction and depression

what is the vertebral level of the hyoid bone 

opposite C3

what is the role of the hyoid bone

Framework to suspend the larynx

Not attached to any other part of the skeletal system, therefore very mobile 

Positioned by musculature above (suprahyoid) and below (infrahyoid)

describe the formation of the cervical plexus

Formed from ventral rami of C1-4

describe the distribution of the cervical plexus

Skin of lateral head, anterolateral neck, some shoulder

Muscles of neck

Diaphragm

describe the location of the cervical plexus

Located anterior to levator scapulae and scaleneus medius 

Posterior to SCM

Divided into 

• superior branches - skin supply

• Deep branches - muscle innervation

what structure goes through the cribriform plate

olfactory nerve CN1

what structure goes through the optic canal

optic nerve CN2

what structure goes through the superior orbital fissure

CN3,4,5,6

what structure goes through the rotundum

CN5 branch 2

what structure goes through the foramen spinosum

CN5 branch 3

what structure goes through the carotid canal 

internal charotid artery 

what structure goes through the internal acustic meatus

vestibule

what structure goes through foreamen magnum

medulla oblongata

what structure goes through hyperglossal canal

hypoglossal nerve (CN12)

what structure goes through jugular foreamen 

CN 456

what structure goes through foreamen ovale

CN5 branch 3 (mandibular nerve)