HOSA Human Growth and Development

Ch 1. In early civilization, illness was often believed to caused by:

a. Bacteria and viruses

b. Supernatural Forces

c. Internal imbalance

d. External Forces

b

Ch 1. Knowledge of disease process occurred with the:

a. Teachings of Hippocrates

b. Use of Herbal Medicine

c. Development of the US Department of Health

d. Advent of bacteriology

d

Ch 1. Which of the following statements best describes the Affordable Care Act?

a. Medicare coverage will be avaliable for all citizens

b. Expansion of Medicaid

c. All health insurance companies will be owned and operated by the federal government

d. The major focus is providing inpatient care

b

Ch 1. The health care worker is correct if she tells a client that Healthy People 2020 provides a:

a. Focus on world health issues

b. Framework from which Canadian health care developed

c. Scientific base for disease prevention and health promotion for all ppl in the US

d. National health insurance for low-income Americans

c

Ch 1. The objective of the managed care system is to:

a. Decrease the number of hospitalizations

b. Assign risk and quality to each case

c. Increase the revenue for physicians

d. Decrease the number of days spent in the hospital

a

Ch. 1 Health can be defined as:

a. Harmony between illness and wellness

b. Balance between internal and external forces

c. A state of mental thought process

d. A state of physical functioning

b

Ch 1. The objective of health promotion is to:

a. Hold the professional nurse responsible for the client’s lifestyle practices

b. Provide positive reinforcement to secure each healthy act

c. Achieve an optimum lvl of wellness

d. Decrease the person’s tolerance lvl for stress events

c

Ch 1. Empowerment is:

a. The intensity of feeling generated by the client

b. A needs-based behavior

c. Client-centered decision making

d. Open interactions between the client and the environment

c

Ch 1. Which of the following is a positive benefit of exercise?

a. Decreased muscle mass

b. Improved cardiac output

c. Decreased blood supply

d. Decreased nerve function

b

Ch. 1 Mental health is best described as:

a. Being problem-free

b. Always consistent

c. Ritualistic and excessive

d. Realistic and adaptive

d

Ch. 1 Physiological responses to moderate anxiety include:

a. Improved mood

b. Relaxed posture

C. Slowed breathing

d. Increased heart rate

d

Ch. 1 Common responses to stressful situations may include which of the following? (Choose all that apply.)

a. Decreased heart rate

b. Smooth muscle contractions

c. Glandular secretions

d. Increased breathing

e. Drowsiness

b, c, d

Ch 2. Culture is learned because of which of the following?

a. It is genetically inherited.

b. Instinctive human reflexes

c. Traditions passed down from one generation to the next

d. The culture contains a smaller number of people.

c

Ch 2. The ability to learn one's culture within the cultural group is an example of:

a. Sanction

b. Mores

c. Diffusion

d. Enculturation

d

Ch 2. Nurses who respect the patient's cultural difference:

a. Are less effective practitioners

b. Deliver competent care

c. Give low-level care

d. Tend to stereotype patients

b

Ch 2. Culture includes one's:

a. Age

b. Handicap

c. Disease

d. Customs

d

Ch 2. Transcultural nursing theory states:

a. One world, one culture

b. One world, many cultures

c. Socially relevant nursing

d. Nursing of foreign people

b

Ch 2. Behavior that is correct within a culture is called a:

a. More

b. Value

c. Sanction

d. Symbol

a

Ch 2. The best way to provide culturally competent health care is to:

a. Use only scientific knowledge to plan health care

b. Involve patient and family in developing a plan of care

c. Use only the medical information from the doctor

d. Use folk laws and stories to guide your choices

b

Ch 2. Which of the following statements is true?

a. Knowing a person's culture will help you understand his or her response to illness.

b. Race is the sole predictor of disease and life expectancy.

c. Elderly persons seek health care based on their cultural values.

d. All cultures take responsibility for their members.

a

Ch 2. How an infant is treated after birth depends on the cultural background of his or her parents.

a. True

b. False

a

Ch 2. A client expresses a cultural belief that prayer and faith heal better than any medicine. The nurse assigned to care for this client can pro- vide culturally competent care by:

a. Challenging his belief

b. Seeking to change his belief with education

c. Attempting to use his family to persuade him

d. Respecting his belief

d

Ch 2. The expected patient outcome when the nurse is culturally sensitive is:

a. Frustration

b. Recovery

c. Dissatisfaction

d. Resentfulness

b

Ch 2. The nurse is correct when completing a physical assessment on a newly admitted client if he or she includes elements of the client's culture such as: (Choose all that apply.)

a. The client's connection to his or her supreme being

b. Meaning of gender roles

c. The use of touch

d. Use of eye contact

e. How the client derives meaning or purpose from life

b, c, d

Ch 5. Growth can be defined as:

a. The progressive acquisition of skills '

b. An increase in cognitive ability

c. An increase in physical size

d. The rapid development of language

c

Ch 5. According to Freud, what part of the mind acts as one's conscience?

a. Id

b. Ego

c. Superego

d. Libido

c

Ch 5. According to Erikson's stages of development, which of the following tasks would Roger, age 9. be completing?

a. Trust

b. Industry

c. Initiative

d. Autonomy

b

Ch 5. At the completion of Piaget's sensorimotor stage of cognitive development, the child:

a. Can problem-solve

b. Can reason hypothetically

c. Has abstract thinking ability

d. Recognizes himself or herself as separate

d

Ch 5. Theories of personality help the nurse to:

a. Place judgment on the patient

b. Direct patient goals

c. Provide individual health care

d. Limit ego development

c

Ch 5. Maslow's humanistic approach to development emphasizes the importance of:

a. Basic goodness in humans

b. The pleasure principle

c. Developmental tasks

d. Conditioning

a

Ch 5. The term most associated with Maslow is:

a. Pleasure principle

b. Psychosocial task

c. Self-actualization

d. Concrete operations

c

Ch 5. According to Freud's theory, the rational portion of the mind that tries to balance id impulses with the demands of the superego is:

a. Conscience

b. Ego

c. Libido

d. Oedipal period

b

Ch 5. The purpose of defense mechanisms is to

a. Perceive boundaries between self and others

b. Explain life situations

C. Reduce anxiety

d. Provide pleasure and gratification

c

Ch 5. Which of the following defense mechanisms is considered to be a positive method of coping?

a. Projection

b. Displacement

C. Reaction formation

d. Sublimation

d

Ch 5. Moral development

a. Is the first stage of personality development

b. Occurs in an orderly sequence

c. Is a disorderly process

d. Is the same for all individuals

b

Ch 6. Among European Jewish descendants you are more likely to see an increased incidence of

a. Cancer

b. Diabetes mellitus

c. Tay-Sachs disease

d. Alcohol abuse

c

Ch 6. The period of development that begins 2 weeks after fertilization and lasts 8 weeks is known as the

a. Embryonic stage

b. Fetal stage

c. Pre-embryonic stage

d. Blastocyst stage

a

Ch 6. Apgar scoring measures:

a. The development of the fetus

b. The newborn's neurological state

c. The newborn's coping ability

d. The gestational age of the neonate

c

Ch 6. The average length of a fully developed newborn baby is:

a. 30 cm

b. 40 cm

c. 50 cm

d. 60 cm

c

Ch 6. Which stool type is considered normal in breastfed babies?

a. Solid, tan-colored stools

b. Light, seeded-mustard stools

c. Reddish-black stools

d. Creamy-white stools

b

Ch 6. At birth most infants are

a. Able to hear sounds

b. Nonreactive to smell

c. Unresponsive to touch

d. Unable to show taste preference

a

Ch 6. A 26-year-old woman gave birth to her first child, an 8-pound baby boy, 36 hours ago in a normal delivery. The health care worker reports that attachment is normal because of which of the following responses by the mother?

a. Refuses to care for her child

b. Frequently weeping and withdrawn

c. States the baby looks like her sister

d. When awake turns her back to the baby

c

Ch 6. The nurse can best help the mother of a new- born who decides to breastfeed her baby by (select all that apply):

a. Telling her that all mothers should breastfeed

b. Supporting her actions

C. Providing education on breastfeeding

d. Reminding her not to breastfeed the baby in public places

e. Sharing with her that breastfeeding will prevent her from ever having postpartum depression

b, c

Ch 6. Which of the following activities demonstrates that Jeremy, age 6 months, has mastered the pincer grasp? '

a. He picks up a small morsel of food.

b. He reaches out to grasp bright-colored objects.

c. He brings his fingers to his mouth.

d. He rolls over from his abdomen to his back

a

Ch 6. Most infants with normal motor development can sit alone at age

a. 4 months

b. 5 months

c. 6 months

d. 7 months

d

Ch 6. The typical 12-month-old child will:

a. Coo

b. Babble

c. Say a few words

d. Have fluent speech

c

Ch 6. The purpose of play during infancy is to

a. Promote toilet training

b. Decrease hyperactivity

c. Generate self-defense

d. Aid exploration of the environment

d

Ch 6. The parents of a newborn infant should be taught when handling their infant to support the infant's head and avoid shaking to prevent:

a. Seizure and death

b. Difficulty feeding

C. Intestinal bleeding

d. Blood dyscrasia

a

Ch 6. Genes that can transmit their trait only if they exist as a pair are known as:

a. Dominant

b. Recessive

c. Karotype

d. Heterozygous

b

Ch 7. Toddlers motivation to acquire and master most psychomotor skills is related to their need for:

a. Balance

b. Independence

C. Sameness

d. Dominance

b

Ch 7. A child usually has a complete set of deciduous teeth by age:

a. 12 months

b. 18 months

c. 24 months

d. 30 months

d

Ch 7. Fine motor skills that should be mastered by 3 years of age include:

a. Holding the spoon with the fist

b. Using a crayon to draw a circle

c. Drawing a complete face

d. Recognizing dangerous situations

b

Ch 7. Toilet training depends on the child's ability to:

a. Sit alone on the toilet

b. Attain sphincter control

c. Want to please the parents

d. Properly digest a regular diet

b

Ch 7. According to Erikson, the psychosocial task for the toddler is:

a. Trust

b. Initiative

c. Autonomy

d. Industry

c

Ch 7. Moral development in the toddler is based on:

a. Innate instincts

b. Mature behavior

C. Promptly meeting needs

d. Copying parental values

d

Ch 7. The type of play seen in a 2-year-old child is:

a. Solitary play

b. Parallel play

c. Cooperative play

d. Competitive or team play

b

Ch 7. The overuse of electronic media in toddlers may lead to:

a. Weight loss

b. Language delay

c. Slowed fine motor skills

d. Aggressive personality

b

Ch 7. Toddlers resist sleep because of:

a. Overeating

b. Fear

c. Apprehension

d. Curiosity

d

Ch 7. Parents of a 2-year-old should look around their house for potential safety hazards. They should remember that a 2-year-old should be able to:

a. Bathe alone

b. Use a knife safely

c. Take medicine independently

d. Climb up and down stairs

d

Ch 7. Rash, who is 25 years old, cried when his mother had to leave him with their babysitter. The best way to tell him when she is returning home is to say:

a. "She'll be back at 12:30"

b. "She'll be back a little later."

c. Don't offer a time just distract him.

d. "She'll be back after naptime."

d

Ch 7. The thinking style associated with the toddler is best described as:

a. Imaginative

b. Competitive

c. Industrious

d. Egotistic

d

Ch 7. Toddlers may handle periods of stress with the following coping mechanism:

a. Denial

b. Repression

c. Regression

d. Sublimation

c

Ch 7. Which of the following statements about child abuse is correct?

a. Health care workers must investigate and prove child abuse before reporting it.

b. Only strangers tend to abuse a child.

c. Health care workers need only to report suspicion of child abuse.

d. The child abuse law targets children from 2 to 21 years old.

c

Ch 8. The purpose of preschool education is to foster which of the following? (Select all that apply)

a. Cognitive development

b. Physical development

c. Social development

d. Psychological development

a, b, c

Ch 8. Preschool focuses on which of the following?

(Select all that apply)

a. Medical care

b. Interests

c. Learning style

d. Rest

b, c

Ch 8. The erect posture and steady gait seen in pre- school children may be a result of:

a. Movement of the foot away from the center of the body

b. Exaggerated lumbar curvature of the spine

c. Movement of the foot toward the center of the body

d. Increased fusion of the spinal bones

c

Ch 8. Ear infections are more commonly seen in children because of:

a. Their increased exposure to infection

b. Their carlobes, which are smaller than those of adults

c. Their short eustachian tubes

d. A decrease in the number of white blood cells

c

Ch 8. The type of play seen at the preschool age is:

a. Parallel play

b. Associative play

c. Solitary play

d. Isolated play

b

Ch 8. Occasional periods of masturbation in a

4-year-old child suggest,

a. Pathology in the child's personality

b. A normal pattern of development

c. History of sexual abuse

d. Impaired cognitive development

b

Ch 8. According to Erikson, a sense of initiative is best explained as:

a. Finishing tasks started

b. Establishing trust

c. The ability to express one's needs

d. Trying new roles without feelings of guilt

d

Ch 8. Preschoolers learn to handle frustration in a positive manner by:

a. Becoming ambivalent

b. Learning self-control

c. Developing apathy

d. Becoming manipulative

b

Ch 8. The average daily caloric intake recommended during the preschool years is:

a. 1,000 calories

b. 2.500 calories

c. 1,800 calories

d. 500 calories

c

Ch 8. Nightmares and night terrors differ in the following way:

a. With nightmares, the child remains incon- solable for a long period.

b. With night terrors, the child remembers the event in detail.

c. Nightmares are usually accompanied by rapid respirations and rapid heart rate.

d. With night terrors, the child has no recall of the event.

d

Ch 8. Sibling rivalry is best resolved by:

a. Blaming both parties

b. Separating both children

c. Immediately determining the instigator

d. Supporting the weaker child

b

Ch 8. According to Piaget, preschoolers lack the concept of reversibility. This can be demonstrated by:

a. Believing that if the item is out of sight. then it doesn't exist

b. Having the ability to solve problems abstractly

C. Not recognizing that changing the shape of something, such as clay, does not change the amount

d. Having the ability to learn through their senses

c

Ch 9. The change in posture typical of school-age children is due to:

a. Tightening of the ligaments that support the long bones

b. Lengthening of the musculoskeletal fibers

C. A shift in the center of gravity

d. Flattening and broadening of the rib cage

c

Ch 9. School-age children experience an increase in blood pressure because of:

a. Decreased cardiac muscle strength

b. Reduction in the capacity of the atrium

c. Slightly increased hemoglobin levels

d. Development of the ventricles

d

Ch 9. Stress experienced by school-age children may be manifested as:

a. Ritualistic behavior

b. Magical thinking

c. School phobia

d. Egocentric thinking

c

Ch 9. According to Erikson, the psychosocial task for school-age children is known as:

a. Trust

b. Industry

c. Inferiority

d. Initiative

b

Ch 9. During the school-age period, interest in sexual activity:

a. Peaks

b. Is dormant

c. Directs the child's actions

d. Involves heterosexual relations

b

Ch 9. The number of hours of sleep that the average 6-year-old child needs is:

a. 10

b. 12

c. 8

d. 15

b

Ch 9. Two factors that contribute to the increase in school violence are:

a. Increased interest in sporting and hunting

b. Lack of education and low income

c. Breakdown in communication and gun availability

d. Strict discipline and control

c

Ch 9. Excessive weight gain can result in:

a. Increased agility

b. Increased attention span

c. Decreased physical ability

d. Decreased potential for infection

c

Ch 9. Which of the following behaviors may con tribute to problems with losing weight?

a. Altered sleep patterns

b. Vegetarian diet

c. Following the food pyramid

d. Snacking between meals

d

Ch 9. Routine medical screening is important at this age for detecting:

a. Amblyopia

b. Scoliosis

c. Acne

d. Sexual abuse

b

Ch 10. Usually, the first part of the body to show a growth spurt during puberty is:

a. Arms

b. Legs

C. Feet

d. Heal

c

Ch 10. The major psychosocial task of adolescence, according to Erikson, is:

a. Autonomy

b. Identity

c. Intimacy

d. Trust

b

Ch 10. Menarche is best defined as:

a. The development of body hair

b. The onset and release of female hormones

c. The first menstrual flow

d. The development of breasts

c

Ch 10. Which of the following physical changes usu ally occurs during adolescence?

a. A decline in male hormone production

b. A decrease in blood volume

C. A decrease in sebaceous secretions

d. An increase in muscle strength and endurance

d

Ch 10. Bulimia is characterized by:

a. Periods of starvation

b. Periods of binge eating

C. Gradual increases in weight

d. Gradual loss of bone mass

b

Ch 10. Moral development in the beginning of adoles cence is demonstrated by:

a. Acceptance of society's rules and standards

b. Questioning of existing rules and standards

C. More self-centered behavior

d. Strong individual moral codes

b

Ch 10. One of the objectives fulfilled by dating is:

a. Establishing adult behaviors.

b. Reinforcing principles of justice

c. Fulfilling personal and social status

d. Helping to promote independence

c

Ch 10. Assessing a person for suicidal risk can best be done by:

a. Establishing a close relationship with the person

b. Confirming the positive aspects of life

c. Asking if the person has suicidal plans

d. Allowing the person time alone to figure out his or her goals

c

Ch 10. Which comment best describes Erikson's task for the adolescent?

a. I hope to build equity for the future.

b. I want to share my life with my soulmate

c. I hope to complete my education and be- come a lawyer.

d. I'll probably live forever.

c

Ch 10. The guiding force driving the teen's food choices is based on:

a. Nutritional needs

b. Health promotion

c. Peer pressure

d. Cost of meals

c

Ch 10. One advantage of the technology available to adolescents today is that it:

a. Supports violence

b. Provides education

c. Supports self-esteem

d. Fosters adjustment to changing body image

b

Ch 10. One of the current causes of motor vehicle accidents in adolescents is:

a. Photo streaming on social media

b. Time spent on social media

c. Exposure to violent games

d. Use of cell phones while driving

d

Ch 11. Cynthia Beckford is a healthy 30-year-old woman. Which of the following are normal age-related physical changes that you would expect her to be experiencing?

a. An increase in bone cells

b. A decrease in muscle cells

C. An increase in new brain cells

d. A loss of some elasticity in the lung

d

Ch 11. The major cause of tooth loss in individuals older than 35 years is

a. Tooth density

b. Dental caries

c. Gingivitis

d. Stomatitis

c

Ch 11. Andrew Previs, age 40, is having his annual eye examination. He has noted a decline in his visual acuity. The most likely cause of this symptom at this age is:

a. Widening of the iris

b. Eyestrain

c. Opacity of the lens

d. Loss of corneal cells

c