physics

definitions/ words info

Normal Force

the force/ component of force which a surface exerts on an object with which it is contact, and which is perpendicular to the surface.

static frictional force

a force that opposes the tendency of motion of a stationary object relative to a surface.

frictional force

a force that opposes the motion of an object and which acts parallel to the surface

kinetic frictional force

a force that opposes the motion of a moving object relative to a surface.

newtons first law of motion

a body will remain in its state of rest or motion at constant velocity unless act a non-zero resultant/net force acts on it

newtons second law of motion

when a net force acts on an object, the object will accelerate in the direction of the force at an acceleration directly proportional to the resultant force and inversely proportional to the mass of an object.

newtons third law of motion

when object A exerts a force on object B, object

B simultaneously exerts an oppositely directed force of equal magnitude on object B.

Newtons universal law of gravitation

Each body in the universe attracts every other body with a force directly proportional to the product of their masses and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between their centres.

weight

The gravitational force the Earth exerts on any object on or near it’s surface

Atomic absorption spectrum

Is formed when certain frequencies of electromagnetic radiation passing through a substance is absorbed

Atomic emission spectrum

Is formed when certain frequencies of electromagnetic radiation are emitted due to an Atom making a transition from a higher energy state to a lower energy state

momentum

the product of an object’s mass and its velocity

Newtons second law of motion in terms of momentum

the net force acting on an object is equal to the rate of change of momentum of the object in the direction of the net force.

impulse

the product of the resultant/ net force acting on an object and the time the net force acts on the object.

principle of conservation of linear motion

the total linear momentum of an isolated system remains constant

projectile

an object which has been given an initial velocity and then it moves under the influence of gravitational force only

free fall

a motion during which the only force acting on an object is the gravitational force.

Doppler effect

the change in frequency of the sound detected by a listener, because the sound source and the listener have different velocities relative to the medium of the sound propagation

coulombs law

the magnitude of electrostatic force exerted by one point charge (Q1) on another point charge (Q2) is directly proportional to the product of magnitudes of the charges and inversely proportional to the square of the distance (r) between them

Electric field at a point

The electric field at a point is the electrostatic force per unit positive charged placed at a point

ohm’s law

The potential difference across a conductor is directly proportional to the current in the conductor at constant temperature.

electric field

a region in space in which an electric charge experiences a force

power

the rate at which work is done

electromagnetic force (emf)

the maximum energy provided by a battery per unit charge passing through it.

photoelectric effect

the process whereby electrons are ejected from a metal surface when light of suitable frequency is incident on that surface.

Threshold frequency

the minimum frequency of light needed to emit electrons from a certain metal surface

Work function

the minimum energy that an electron in metal needs to be emitted from the metal surface

Work done

On an object by a constant force F, as FΔx.cosθ where F is the magnitude of force, Δx The magnitude of the displacement and θ The angle between the force and displacement

Work – energy theorem

The work done on an object by a net force is equal to the change in the objects, kinetic energy