B3

Low back pain Red flags (Age & History)?

Age of onset

Low back pain Red flags (Pain characteristics)?

Constant, progressive, non-mechanical pain. Thoracic pain.

Low back pain Red flags (Medical history)?

Past medical history of carcinoma. Systemic steroids use. Drug abuse, HIV.

Low back pain Red flags (Systemic signs)?

Systemic upset, unexplained weight loss. Fever.

Low back pain Red flags (Neurologic signs)?

Widespread neurological deficits (including cauda equina syndrome).

Low back pain Red flags (Structural deformity)?

Structural deformity (e.g., severe scoliosis, gibbus).

Cauda equina syndrome core emergency signs?

Saddle anesthesia. Recent onset of bladder dysfunction. Severe or progressive neurological deficit in lower limbs.

Low back pain clinical evaluation (History essentials)?

Determine presence of red/yellow flags. Discriminate mechanical, radicular, and inflammatory causes.

Low back pain clinical evaluation (Physical exam components)?

Neurological screening test (focused). Straight leg raise (SLR) test. Palpation of spine for point tenderness.

Low back pain routine imaging recommendation?

Routine imaging is not recommended for patients with non-specific low back pain.

Low back pain imaging indications?

Indicated only if red flags are present, or if severe/progressive neurological symptoms warrant intervention.