alcohols

what’s the general formula of an alcohol

CnH2N+1OH

how are alcohols soluble in water?

alcohol forms hydrogen bonds with water, delta plus hydrogen is attracted to lone pair of electrons on oxygen, but this only applies to shorter chain alcohols

how is a haloalkane made?

when an alcohol is reacted with a halide ion, using sulphuric acid catalyst

what does dehydration of alcohols produce?

an alkene, using a sulfur acid or phosphoric acid catalyst

how are alcohols oxidised?

using acidified dichromate solution (H+ /Cr2O7^-2) as the oxidising mixture, the reagents are potassium dichromate (K2Cr2O7) and sulfuric acid (H2SO4), the solution colour changes from orange to green

what are primary alcohols oxidised to?

distilled to aldehydes, then refluxed into carboxylic acids

what can secondary alcohols be oxidised to?

refluxed to ketones