Pharm Quiz 3 - GI Drugs

naloxone action

reverses the effects of opioids by quickly binding to the same opioid receptors in the brain as the opioid drug

naloxone use

opioid overdose

diphenoxylate with atropine action

slows peristalsis which increases transit time through the intestinal tract and increases water absorption from the feces

diphenoxylate with atropine use

diarrhea

diphenoxylate with atropine AEs

constipation, urinary retention, dry mouth, dizziness, risk for dependence

paregoric action

slows peristalsis

paregoric uses

diarrhea, rarely prescribed today due to potential for abuse

alosetron, ondansetron action

blocks 5-HT3 serotonin receptors in the CTZ to minimize N/V

alosetron uses

females who have severe IBS with diarrhea

alosetron AEs

constipation, ischemic colitis

ondansetron AEs

headache, constipation, diarrhea, QT prolongation

polyethylene glycol action

draws water into the intestines and stimulates peristalsis, can produce bowel evacuation in 2-12 hours

polyethylene glycol uses

constipation

polyethylene glycol AEs

diarrhea, electrolyte imbalances, nausea, cramping, flatulence 

psyllium/methylcellulose action

non-digestible, absorbs water from the intestine to form a glutinous mass that adds bulk to the stool; must be taken with water to avoid viscousity

psyllium/methylcellulose use

constipation

laxative action

soluble fibers that are unabsorbed by the intestine; water is added and the substances swell and become gel like; act in 12-24 hours and may cause flatulence/bloating

lactulose action

used as an osmotic laxative; increases water content in the stool making it softer and easier to pass within 48 hours, lowers pH of colon to promote excretion of ammonia

lactulose uses

constipation, hepatic encephalopathy

lubiprostone action

activates chloride channels in the GI tract to increase the secretion of chloride rich fluids into the intestine which stimulates intestinal motility

lubiprostone uses

chronic idiopathic constipation, opioid-induced constipation, IBS with constipation in females

mineral oil action

coats stool and inside of the bowel with a lubricating film making the stool softer and easier to pass

mineral oil uses

constipation

antiemetics

used to prevent/treat N/V

ondansetron uses

N/V secondary to chemo or radiation

aprepitant action

blocks the activity of substance P at NK1 receptors in the brain, inhibiting the signal to the brain that causes nausea

aprepitant uses

N/V for chemo or post op patients

aprepitant AEs

fatigue, weakness, dizziness, abnormal heart rhythm, headache, hiccups

hydroxyzine action

occupies the same receptor site as histamine which prevents histamine from acting on target tissues

hydroxyzine uses

N/V, sedation

bismuth subsalicylate/pepto action

coats ulcers protecting them from stomach acid to treat H pylori

bismuth subsalicylate/pepto uses

peptic ulcers, diarrhea, nausea

bismuth subsalicylate/pepto AEs

can cause serious bleeding problems when used alone in patients with ulcers

misoprostol action

decreases gastric acid secretion and increases secretion of protective mucus in the stomach

misoprostol uses

gastric ulcer prevention

misoprostol AEs

diarrhea, abdominal pain, spontaneous abortion, spotting, uterine cramps, dysmenorrhea, painful menstruation

omeprazole, lansoprazole action

inhibit the hydrogen potassium ATPase enzyme system in the parietal cells of the stomach thus suppressing gastric acid production

omeprazole, lansoprazole uses

prevent/treat peptic ulcers, prolonged dyspepsia, GERD, erosive esophagitis, hypersecretory disorders

omeprazole AEs

prolonged use leads to risk for bone loss, headaches, abdominal pain, N/V, diarrhea

antacids

alkaline compounds that neutralize gastric acid

antacid use

peptic ulcers

antacid AEs

constipation (aluminum and calcium), diarrhea (magnesium)