Islamic Worldview, Science, and Knowledge Integration Flashcards

A complete set of vocabulary flashcards derived from the lecture notes on Islamic philosophy, knowledge integration, ethics, and the historical development of science.

Natural Philosophy (Islamic Context)

The study of nature as a means to understand the signs of God, viewing nature as a reflection of divine order and wisdom rather than independent from faith.

Knowledge Integration

The process of merging different elements into a unified whole, specifically combining different types of knowledge with faith, action, and ethical development.

USIM's Motto

Knowledgeable, Disciplined, and Devout.

Naqli Knowledge

Revealed knowledge originating from the Qur'an and Sunnah.

Aqli Knowledge

Rational knowledge acquired through reasoning, logic, and human intellect.

Philosophy (Etymology)

Derived from the Greek word philosophia, meaning "love of wisdom."

Metaphysics

The branch of philosophy that studies reality and existence, including questions about free will and the unseen (al-ghayb).

Epistemology

The study of the nature, sources, and limits of knowledge, distinguishing between belief, opinion, and true knowledge.

Ethics (Islamic Science)

Guided by adab (right attitude) and akhlaq (moral traits), rooted in the Quran and the example of Prophet Muhammad ($SAW$).

Relativism

The philosophical view that truth depends on culture and morality is subjective, asserting that there is no absolute truth.

Absolute Truth in Islam

Truth that is unchangeable and true at all times and places, with the ultimate Absolute Truth being Allah ($الحق$).

Sidq

Truthfulness in speech, action, and intention; a foundation of Islamic ethics requiring consistency between belief and behavior.

Amanah

The principle of trustworthiness and fulfilling responsibilities to Allah, others, and oneself.

Itqan

Diligence and excellence; persistent effort and meticulous attention to detail in work, viewed as an act of worship.

Barakah

Blessings that multiply impact and growth beyond mere measurable output or numbers.

Tafakkur

Reflection and contemplation on Allah’s creation which bridges scientific observation with spiritual insight.

Khilafah

The concept of stewardship, where humans are viewed as caretakers of the Earth.

Mizan

The principle of balance, specifically maintaining ecological and universal harmony.

Qur’an (Etymology)

Derived from the Arabic root qara’a, meaning "to read" or "to recite."

Ayat

Signs; refer to both the verses of the Qur'an and the phenomena within nature that invite humans to realize their purpose.

Ratqan

A joined entity; the unified state of the heavens and the earth before separation, as described in Surah Al-Anbiya ($21:30$).

Nutfah

The first stage of human development in the Qur'an, referring to creation from a minute quantity of liquid or drop of fluid.

Alaq

The second stage of embryology described as a leech-like substance.

Mudghah

The third stage of embryology described as a chewed-like substance.

Three Veils of Darkness

The abdominal wall, uterine wall, and amniotic membrane that surround the developing embryo.

The Canon of Medicine

An influential medical encyclopedia written by Ibn Sina (Avicenna) that served as a textbook for centuries.

Abu Qasim al-Zahrawi (Abulcasis)

Known as the Father of Modern Surgery; he developed surgical instruments and authored Kitab al-Tasrif.

Ibn al-Haytham (Alhazen)

The Father of Optics who emphasized the scientific method and explained light movement and eye function.

Jabir ibn Hayyan (Geber)

The Father of Chemistry who discovered sulfuric and nitric acids and improved distillation techniques.

Al-Jazari

The Father of Robotics who invented the crankshaft and the first programmable humanoid automaton.

Abu Musa Al-Khwarizmi

The Father of Algebra who introduced the Hindu-Arabic numeral system, including zero, to the West.

Ilmu (Al-Attas definition)

The coming of the meaning of a thing into the soul, or the soul's arrival at the meaning of an object of knowledge.

Tajribah

Knowledge obtained through experimentation and experience.

Al-Hiss

Knowledge acquired through the five senses.

Fardu Ain

Knowledge that is an individual obligation for every Muslim, such as basic Aqidah and prayer.

Fardu Kifayah

Communal knowledge obligations, such as medicine or engineering, that must be fulfilled by some members of society.

Bayt al-Hikmah

The House of Wisdom in Baghdad, a center for translation and expansion of Greek, Persian, and Indian texts.

Secularism

A political and social order originating after the Reformation and Enlightenment that separates scientific inquiry and state from church control.