TTU K-12 World Geography Final Exam

What parts of North Africa receive the most rainfall?

Coastal and highland

Which country obtains most of its water supply from surface water?

Egypt

The primary reason the Aswān High Dam was built was to

Control flooding to safeguard the residents

Which three economic sectors cause the greatest environmental damage in North Africa?

oil production, fishing, and tourism

Which body of water separates Africa from Europe?

Mediterranean Sea

After the defeat of the Ottoman Empire, which European colonial powers divided the Eastern Mediterranean?

France and Great Britain

Identify the major river that has supported agricultural activities in modern-day Syria for nearly 7,000 years.

Euphrates

Under which category do the terms kibbutz and moshav best fit?

Agriculture

How are overgrazing and desertification related?

Overgrazing causes desertification

Why are some Eastern Mediterranean economies, such as Syria and Jordan, less developed than others, such as Lebanon and especially Israel?

lack of economic diversity, uneven distribution of critical natural resources

________ populations in Syria, Turkey, and Iran continue to push for more political autonomy and a country of their own.

Kurdish

Due to the mountains' impact on climate, inland western and southern Iraq and eastern and southern Iran are mostly covered by

deserts

Much of the oil shipped from the Persian Gulf must pass through the

Strait of Hormuz.

The Kurds, living in the mountainous border areas of Turkey, Iraq, and Iran, speak

dialects related to Persian

The rich alluvial soils of Mesopotamia supported the development of ________, which led to the growth of villages, and then civilizations.

Agriculture

The Arabian Peninsula's natural freshwater supply is mostly from

groundwater beneath the sandy deserts

The reasons people leave their country (such as poverty) and enter a country (such as for employment) are referred to as

push and pull factors.

To overcome the shortage of freshwater, countries in the region are focusing most on

making seawater drinkable

Which best describes the past and present of bedouin tribes in the Arabian Peninsula?

They used to wander with sheep and goat herds and now mostly live in towns and cities.

The Red Sea is getting ________ as a result of tectonic activity.

wider

Who was the leader of the Mongol forces who invaded Central Asia in the A.D. 1200s?

Genghis Khan.

The mountainous terrain of Georgia and Kyrgyzstan provides the correct terrain for the countries to rely on and export

hydroelectric power.

In Central Asia, many people practice ________, or the raising and grazing of livestock.

pastoralism

The Armenians who live in the Nagorno-Karabakh area of Azerbaijan are an example of an

exclave

In what former Soviet republic has high industrial pollution been linked to increased infant mortality?

Kazakhstan

When does most rain fall in the Transition Zone?

May to August

An example of how the Great Green Wall will help to combat desertification is

By blocking harmful winds that take away the moisture of soil.

Most people in the Transition Zone make their living by

subsistence farming and semi-nomadic herding

Which country has some of the world's largest deposits of uranium, as well as oil, gold, and coal?

Niger

What is the climate in the southern part of West Africa?

tropical

Why is English widely spoken in Nigeria and the official language?

It was once a British colony.

What is the largest city in Africa?

Lagos

When Europeans drew colonial boundaries for Africa at the Berlin Conference

mostly ignored existing African ethnic boundaries

Government ________ is an obstacle to change and economic efficiency in West Africa and has a negative impact on social and economic development, as well as on the environment and resource management.

corruption

Which river is known by many names, all of which mean "great river"?

Niger River

Deforestation is a problem in West Africa that is caused primarily by logging and

clearing land for agriculture.

Gabon is the most urbanized country in Equatorial Africa, while ________ is the least urbanized.

South Sudan

Properly managing resources for long term sustainability has been a lower priority in Equatorial Africa than

surviving, as property and hunger are more immediate concerns

The slaves' trip from Africa to where they were sold in the Americas was called

The Middle Passage

Despite foreign loans to help Equatorial African countries to industrialize and their vast deposits of minerals and other resources that could be used in manufacturing, the region's main economic activity remains

farming

The Congo's freshwater meets the Atlantic's salt water in a passage known as a(n)

estuary

In 2011 the president of ________ signed two presidential decrees in an attempt to improve water quality and reduce damage to the natural environment.

Angola

The north and the east of Southern Africa are covered with ________—vast grasslands dotted with small stands of trees.

savvanna

Two of the largest hydroelectric dams in Africa are located on the ________ River.

Zambezi

Two wildlife areas on either side of the ________ River recently joined with each other and with several sanctuaries in Zimbabwe to provide a safe haven for various species.

Limpopo

Despite laws that require gender equality in most Southern African countries, traditional laws often prohibit women from

inheriting property

Why did India create a network of protected national parks, wildlife sanctuaries, and conservation reserves?

to protect its unique biological heritage.

India's most recent Five-Year Plan

focuses on both economic growth and environmental concerns

The majority of India's population is

Hindu

What two mountain ranges divide India into northern and southern regions?

Himalayas and Hindu Kush

Most village houses in India

have animals inside

Pakistan's water supply is threatened by agricultural runoff , industrial pollutants, and

Raw sewage

Pakistan unsuccessfully attempted to resolve the problem of soil salinity in the Indus River valley by

Digging a channel parallel to the Indus river to drain salt water

Which statement about the climate in Bangladesh and Pakistan is true?

Bangladesh gets significantly more rain than Pakistan.

The northern and western regions of Pakistan are vulnerable to

cyclones

Bangladesh has failed to meet its target for setting land and sea areas aside as nature reserves due to

a lack of natural resources.

Eighty percent of Nepal's people live and work

In rural areas where they farm,herd, or produce traditional handicrafts

Because it has few resources and little land for agriculture, Maldives' economy relies primarily on

fishing and tourism

One resource Maldives used to trade that was as good as gold was

cowrie shells.

Sustainable development and management of resources in the subregion have been inhibited by

Education, poverty, tradition, and isolation

Maldives, a country built on ancient volcanos, has maximum elevations of about ________ above sea level.

6 ft.

The four countries in the region all have ________ as their most promising economic resource.

natural beauty, which brings tourists,

What animal do Sherpas use to carry equipment to the lower Base Camp on Mount Everest?

yaks

After the British gave Ceylon independence, it

returned to its traditional name of Sri Lanka and now has a parliamentary government.

A major health hazard in the region comes from

Burning wood indoors

What is the role of industry in Japan's economy?

Japan's economy is primarily focused on industry

Because much of Japan's landscape is mountainous, the majority of Japan's people live

Coastal lowlands

Japan is looking to supply its energy needs in a sustainable way. As a result,

Japan is exploring many sources of alternative energy

Lake Biwa, Japan's largest lake, formed when tectonic activity created a

a depression along a fault line.

Which of the following helps protect Japan's resources?

Aquaculture

In addition to a wealth of iron ore and coal, North Korea has the world's largest ________ deposits.

magnesite

An example of South Korea's desire to increase its energy efficiency is the government's plan to change the type of ________ in every public building.

lighbulbs

After resisting Mongol invaders, Korea became known as the "hermit kingdom" because of its

isolation

The southern part of the Korean Peninsula has a ________ climate, with temperatures moderated by the surrounding seas.

humid subtropical

Instead of properly disposing of waste materials, South Korean sanitation companies pump untreated sewage directly into the

Pacific Ocean

Singapore's location between the Singapore Strait and the Mallaca Strait, which separate Malaysia and Sumatra and which form a choke point between the Indian Ocean and the South China Sea, means that

Singapore is in an ideal spot and benefits as a free port for international shipping traffic.

The borders of most countries in Southeast Asia are formed

in accordance with ethnic boundaries.

Areas with locally increased temperatures known as heat islands are caused by human activity including

the building of cities.

What is the primary environmental cost of Southeast Asia's dominance in exports of rubber and palm oil?

deforestation

Most of the rivers on Southeast Asia's islands are

? (navigable)

Contemporary culture in Australia and New Zealand

blends indigenous, European, and Asian cultures.

Most of New Zealand has

a marine west coast climate and receives up to 60 inches (152 cm) of rain a year

Most of Australia has

an arid or semi-arid climate and receives little rainfall.

The breakup of Australia and New Zealand from the early supercontinent Gondwana resulted in

the isolation and survival of unique animal and plant species.

What type of government do both New Zealand and Australia have?

constitutional monarchy

________ is a culturally diverse region that includes Papua New Guinea, Fiji, the Solomon Islands, and New Caledonia.

Melanesia

Where did the United States conduct a series of nuclear tests that caused many islands to be declared off-limits for human inhabitance?

Bikini Atoll

Samoa is an example of ________, which support diverse rain forests from which hardwoods can be harvested.

high islands

What is the most widely practiced religion in Oceania today?

Christianity

Mountainous Fiji increasingly relies on ________ as a renewable source of energy.

hydropower

Analyze the social role of women in the Arab nations of the Eastern Mediterranean. What trends can be identified?

Most women are expected to stay at home to take care of the children and provide a comfortable home for their husbands. Men and women socialize separately and are also segregated in public. Usually, women wear a long black robe, over their clothing, and in most of the Arabian countries, women cover their hair but are permitted to show their faces.

There has been political progress for women in several countries in the sub-region. Most countries guarantee women equal rights, although equality is not enforced.

In a paragraph, explain how conflict diamonds have fueled conflict in West Africa.

The majority of diamonds come from underground mines run by international corporations. These organizations are gaining extreme wealth from the mining and trading of diamonds, while the native people whose country is being mined are not gaining any benefits. These people are still living in extreme poverty, with many going without electricity or running water. This has resulted in diamonds being smuggled and traded illegally fueling conflict.

Japan's location in the Ring of Fire has affected the country in significant ways. How has Japan's physical geography affected its human geography? Base your answer on information in the chapter.

The resulting landscape of mostly rugged mountains affects where people live. The majority of the population lives in the Japanese coastal lowlands.

In a paragraph, explain how the migration and settlement of Europeans affected the indigenous people of Australia and New Zealand, describe the status of indigenous people in society today, and give an example for each country of an action the government has taken to make up for past injustices.

The settlement of Europeans had a significant impact on indigenous people. They forcibly removed them from their land and denied them basic rights. They resisted the Europeans, and conflicts were common. The Europeans introduced new diseases causing a reduced population of indigenous peoples. However, they later placed them on reserve. Today, some indigenous people still live on reserves, and although the Europeans caused much havoc, they also introduced new traditions and cultures. The governments of Australia and New Zealand have granted the indigenous people more rights to make up for past injustices.