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Flashcards about political science and government.
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Intifada
Palestinian uprisings against Israeli occupation.
Zionism
Movement for the creation of a Jewish homeland in Palestine.
Settlements
Israeli communities built in the occupied Palestinian territories.
PLO
Palestinian Liberation Organization – aimed to create an independent Palestinian state.
Gaza / West Bank
Palestinian territories; centers of conflict.
Palestine / Palestinian
Area and people seeking statehood alongside Israel.
Theocracy
Government run by religious leaders (e.g., Iran).
UN Plan 1948
Proposed splitting Palestine into Jewish and Arab states; Israel accepted, Arab nations did not.
Oslo Accords
1990s peace attempts between Israel and the PLO.
Checkpoints / roadblocks
Israeli security measures; controversial, affect Palestinian daily life.
Suicide bomber
Tactic used by extremist groups.
Refugee camp
Homes for displaced Palestinians and Syrians.
OPEC
Oil-producing nations; control oil prices.
Hamas
Palestinian Islamist group; considered terrorist by some, political power in Gaza.
ISIS / IS
Extremist group aiming to create a caliphate.
Quran / Torah
Holy books of Islam and Judaism.
Synagogue / Mosque
Jewish and Muslim places of worship.
Iranian Revolution (1979)
Overthrew Shah; created Islamic theocracy under Ayatollah Khomeini.
Arab Spring
Series of anti-government protests/uprisings in the Arab world (2010–2012).
Sunni / Shi’a
Two main Islamic sects; long-standing tensions.
India Partition
Split India into Hindu-majority India and Muslim-majority Pakistan in 1947.
Satellite state
A country politically and economically dominated by another (often Soviet).
Cold War
Tension (not direct war) between US (capitalism) & USSR (communism) after WWII.
Decolonization
Process of colonies gaining independence.
Communism
Government owns everything; few individual freedoms.
Capitalism
Individuals own property/businesses; promotes competition and personal freedom.