Chemistry - OXIDATION, REDUCTION AND REDOX REACTIONS
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25 Terms
What do reducing agents do?
donate electrons
What do oxidising agents do?
accept electrons
What is oxidation?
loss of electrons/addition of oxygen/loss of hydrogen atoms
What is reduction?
gain of electrons/loss of oxygen/addition of H atoms
What is the oxidation state of oxygen in a hydrogen peroxide?
-1
Which element always has a -1 oxidation state in compounds?
fluorine
What is disproportionation?
a reaction in which the same element is both oxidised and reduced
How do we balance charges in a half equation?
by adding electrons or hydrogen ions
What is the oxidation state of an uncombined element?
0
What is the oxidation state of group 1 ions?
+1
What are spectator ions?
ions that are present but not changed in a reaction
What does an increase in oxidation state mean?
the element has been oxidised
What is a redox reaction?
reaction in which electrons are transferred from one species to another
What are oxidation states used for?
to see what has been oxidised and what has been reduced in a redox reaction
What does a positive oxidation state show?
the element has lost electrons and therefore been oxidised
What does a negative oxidation state show?
the element has gained electrons and therefore been reduced
What is the oxidation state of hydrogen (including exceptions)
+1 except in metal hydrides eg NaH where its -1
What is the oxidation state of group 1 elements?
always +1
What is the oxidation state of group 2 elements?
+2
What is the oxidation state of Al?
+3
What is the oxidation state of oxygen including exceptions?
-2 (-1 in peroxides , +2 in compound OF2)
Oxidation state of F
-1
Oxidation state of Cl and exceptions
-1 (except in compounds with F and O where it has positive value)
Which element has the negative oxidation state in a compound?
the most electronegative one
How can you balance redox equations?
numbers of atoms of each element must be the same on each side
total charge on each side of the equation must be the same