chapter 13: Urinary system

what does the urine system consist of

2 kidneys, 2 ureters, a urinary bladder and a urethra

this organ cleans the blood and makes urine ?

kidneys

the kidneys produce ___ that helps to stimulate RBC production

erythropoietin

the kidney can control blood pressure by a hormone called

renin

what is a nephron

it is a filtering unit in the kidney that makes urine

what is the filtering par in the nephron ?

the renal corpuscle

what is the glomerulus

it is a filter for the blood to catch RBC and large proteins

what does the Bowmans capsule do in the nephron

it catches the other fluid that gets turned into urine

the afferent arteriole is where the blood ___ from and the efferent arteriole is where the blood ___

comes from, leaves

the processing part of the nephron is called

renal tubule

what is the fluid that is caught in the filtrate called

filtered fluid

reabsorption happens in the what parts of the nephron

the pct and the loop of henle

what is the pct

the first tube in the renal tubule (processing part)

what is the loop of henle

the long loop that absorbs water and salt

what is the distal convoulted tubule (DCT)

this is the last tube where extra waste gets secreted

what is the collecting duct

the final tube carries the urine to the renal pelvis

this is the max amount of substance that the kidneys can reabsorb

renal threshold

what is secretion in the nephron

this is where the extra waste is added to filtrate

what is the steps in eliminating the waste

collecting ducts then ureters then bladder then urethra

what is abnormal pee color

red, brown, milky, foul-smelling

what type of urine is best for pregnancy test

first morning urine

what is checked in the urinalysis check

glucose, protien, ketones, blood, leukocytes, nitrites

females haing a short urthra and having a close anus/vagina can be risk for

UTI

what are the normal components of urine

water, urea, creatinine, uric acid and electrolytes

what causes dysuria

infection or inflammation

this is when it is painful or difficult to pee

dysuria

what are the 4 main types of UTI

urethritis, cystitis, pyelonephritis, glomerulonephritis

this is a type of uti that is caused by inflammation of the urethra

Urethritis

this is a type of uti that is caused by the inflammation of the bladder

cystitis

this is the type of uti that is caused by the infection of the kidney and the renal pelvis

pyelonephritis

this is a type of uti that is caused by the inflammation of glomeruli ( the kidney filtering unit)

glomerulonephritis

why do females get more UTI ?

bc thier urethra is shorter and is closer to the anus and vagina and therefore more prone to infection

this is the swelling of the kidney that occurs because the urine cannot drain properly

hydronephrosis

this is the involuntary leaking of urine

urinary incontinence

what is the medical term for kidney stones ?

renal calculi

what are kidney stones

hard crystals that form in the kidney

what are the 2 types of renal failure

acute and chronic

what is the sudden drop in kidney function called

acute renal failure

what is the slow progressive loss of kidney function over time called

chronic renal failure

what is the first sign that you have chronic kidney failure

creatine in the urine

what are the symptoms of kidney failure in the end stages

waste buildup, very little urine, swelling, high blood pressure

this cleans the blood when kidney cannot

dialysis

this is a type of dialysis that uses a artificial kidney to pump blood, clean it and return it back to the body

hemodialysis

this is the type of dialysis that is pumped into the abdomen so that the waste products can move into fluid and then the fluid is drained

peritoneal dialysis

this is rare kidney cancer in young children that is caused by genetics or family history

Wilms tumor

this is a pediatric disease that causes bedwetting after the age of 6 that can be caused by bladder not being developed , uti, diabetes or sexual abuse

nocturnal enuresis

this is a pediatric disorder where the urine flows backwards from the bladder to the kidneys

urinary reflux disorder

this is a pediatric disease where there are undescended testicles in boys which can cause infertility or give a higher risk of testicular cancer

cryptorchidism

how can we see if there is a UTI

positive nitrites and positive leukocyte esterase

which is more serious, pyelonephritis or cystitis

pyelonephritis

what are av fistulas

abnormal connection between a vein and artery

why do dialysis pt have av fistulas

bc it helps the dialysis go into the bloodstream better without clotting or infection

hydronephrosis can be caused by

kidney stones blocking the ureter

what are the types of medication that helps with urinary incontinence

anticholinergics

what is the age of children with wilms tumor

age 3

what is the surgery that helps with cryptorchidism

orchiopexy (which moves testicle to scrotum, where they are supposed to be)

what is the most common urine test ?

urinalysis

what does nitrites mean in the urine

uti

what does leukocyte esterase mean in the urine

white blood cells (infection)

what does protein mean in the urine

kidney damage

what does glucose mean in the urine

diabetes

what does ketone mean in the urine

fat breakdown (diabetes/starvation)

what does blood mean in the urine

kidney stones, infection, trauma

if you have a high BUN that means that

your kidneys are not filtering well or dehydration

what does a low BUN mean

liver problems

what is the best indictor for kidney function

creatinine clearance

what does the creatinine clearance do ?

check how well ur kidneys are filtering blood (GFR)

this is an x ray that shows the size of kidneys, shape, position, kidney stones and bladder shape

KUB x-ray

this is a test that uses radioisotope (safe dye) injected in vein to show kidney size, shape, function and obstruction

renal scanning

this is a test that is done by injecting dye into the vein and seeing where the dye goes, it diagnoses tumors, kidney obstructions and birth problems

Intravenous Pyelography (IVP) / Intravenous Urography (IUG)

this is a test that tells pt hydration status

specific gravity

high SG (specific gravity) means

dehydration

low SG (specific gravity) means

overhydration or kidney failure

cloudy urine means

infection

foul smelling urine means

bacteria

what is the renal pelvis

where urine goes before going into the ureter, its like the tunnel going out of the kidney

what is normal symptoms for cystitis

low abdominal pressure and frequency

what are the normal symptoms for kidney stones

cloudy urine, flan pain, hematuria