Spiritual Beliefs of the Early Filipinos (History 101)

Ruy Lopez de Villalobos

The Philippines named by ____ in 1542 after prince Phillip II of Spain

Filipino

This term was initially referred to Spaniards born in the colony but later came to describe the natives

Babaylan | Catalonan | Diwata | Anito

The barangay was led by the ____ in the Visayas and the ____ in Luzon. These leaders performed rituals and sacrifices for local deities, known as ____ in the Visayas and _____ in Tagalog areas

Fray Juan de Plasencia

One of the first Franciscan missionaries in the Philippines, played a crucial role in founding various towns in Luzon, particularly in Laguna and Tayabas

Fray Juan de Plasencia

He converted many inhabitants to Catholicism and authored numerous religious books, including the Doctrina Christiana, the first book printed in the Philippines.

Doctrina Christiana

The first book printed in the Philippines

Fray Juan de Plasencia

His works, such as Las costumbres de los Tagalos en Filipinos and Vocabulario de la lengua Tagala, helped preserve early Filipino cultural traditions

las Costumbres de los Tagalos en Filipinos and Vocabulario de la Lengua Tagala

Helped preserved early Filipino cultural traditions:

Fray Juan de Plasencia

Known for his zealous missionary work, he denied himself luxuries and defended the natives from Spanish officials, leading to the Manila Synod of 1582

Fray Juan de Plasencia

He also suggested the reduccion policy for resettling natives

Liliw, Laguna

Where did Plasencia died?

Manunggul Jar

Is a neolithic jar found in Manunggul Cave, Lipuun Point, Palawan in the Early 1960's

Manunggul Cave, Lipuun Point, Palawan

Where was the manunggul jar discovered?

Manunggul Jar

This is an example of a secondary burial wherein the bones of the corpse are placed inside

Manunggul Jar

This is one of the most important archaeological artifacts in the Philippines as it signifies not only prehistoric indigenous burial practices but also belief in a soul and life after death of early Filipinos

Antonio de Morga

A Spanish high-ranking official in the Philippines from 1593 to 1603, served as a judge of the Real Audiencia

Antonio de Morga

Is best known for authoring "Sucesos de las Islas Filipinas" (Events in the Philippine Islands), a comprehensive account of sixteenth-century Spanish colonization

Sucesos de las Islas Filipinas (Events in the Philippine Islands)

The book covers the political, economic, social, and cultural life of Filipinos and Spaniards from 1493 to 1603, based on Morga's documentary research and personal observations.

Antonio de Morga

The work gained further prominence when Jose Rizal annotated and critiqued it in 1890

Miguel de Loarca

One of the first Spanish conquistadores in the Philippines, observed native cultural traditions before they were fully acculturated to Christianity

Miguel de Loarca

He conducted the colony's earliest census and became one of the earliest encomenderos in the country

Relation de las Islas Filipinas

In his 1582 work, _____ Loarca documented the customs and traditions of early Filipinos

Pintados

This excerpt from his "Relation" discusses the beliefs of the people from Panay, known as the?

Gold Death mask of Oton

This was discovered by archaeologist Alfredo Evangelista and F. Landa Jocano in Oton, Iloilo in 1960's

Alfredo Evangelista and F. Landa Jocano

Who discovered the gold death mask?

Oton, Iloilo

Where was the gold death mask discovered

The Gold Mask of Oton

This was believed to repel evil spirits from entering the body

Chinese

The practice of putting a death mask was adopted from the ____ which also signifies cultural and economic relations with them

The Gold Death Mask of Oton

Is a testament to a rich burial tradition of early Filipinos and their belief in the afterlife

The Gold Death Mask

Aside from its religious importance, this is a manifestation of early Filipino goldsmiths as a profession in the precolonial society

Pedro Chirino

A prominent Jesuit missionary, founded various towns and parishes in the Philippines

Pedro Chirino

He recorded the ancient Tagalog script, baybayin, into the Latin alphabet

Relation de las Islas Filipinas

Chirino's works, including, later expanded into a two-volume history of Jesuit missions and Catholic conversion in the Philippines

Manila

Where did Pedro Chirino died?

September 16, 1635

When did Pedro Chirino died?

"False religions of the pagans" and Filipino superstitions

This excerpt from Chirino's "Relation" chronicles the early colonization period and the spiritual transformation of the colony, focusing on the?