Population Geography and Demographics

A comprehensive set of flashcards covering key vocabulary from the lecture notes on population and demography.

Population

The total number of individuals inhabiting a particular area.

Geography

The study of places and the relationships between people and their environments.

Demography

The statistical study of populations, including the structure, distribution, and trends within populations.

Population Geography

A branch of human geography that focuses on the spatial distribution of populations and their characteristics.

Consumption Patterns

Trends that indicate how different populations use resources.

Carrying Capacity

The maximum number of individuals of a species that an environment can sustainably support.

High Birth Rate

An indicator of a large number of live births per 1,000 people in a given year.

Infant Mortality Rate

The number of infants who die before reaching one year of age, per 1,000 live births.

Migration

The movement of people from one location to another.

Demographic Transition Model

A model that describes the transition from high birth and death rates to lower birth and death rates as a country develops.

Total Fertility Rate (TFR)

The average number of children a woman would have during her lifetime.

Push Factors

Negative aspects or conditions that motivate people to leave their current residence.

Pull Factors

Positive aspects or conditions that attract people to a new location.

Malthusian Theory

A theory that suggests that population growth will always outstrip food supply, leading to famine and conflict.

Population Density

The number of people living per unit of area, often expressed as people per square kilometer.

Urbanization

The increase in the proportion of people living in urban areas compared to rural areas.

Cultural Landscape

The expression of the relationship between culture and the physical environment.

Age Distribution

The proportion of individuals of different ages within a population.

Gender Imbalance

A disproportionate ratio of males to females in a population.

Population Pyramids

Graphical representations that show the distribution of various age groups in a population.

Environmental Refugees

People who are forced to leave their homes due to environmental disasters or changes.

Demographic Indicators

Statistics that describe characteristics of a population, such as age, gender, and birth or death rates.

Cultural Characteristics

The beliefs, norms, and practices that define a specific community or population.

Ecosystem

A biological community of interacting organisms and their physical environment.

Crude Death Rate

The number of deaths per 1,000 people in a year.

Health Indicators

Statistics related to the health of a population, such as access to healthcare or disease prevalence.

Rural Settlement

A community or settlement situated outside towns and cities.

Urban Settlement

A community or settlement that is part of or linked to a city.

Dependency Ratio

The ratio of dependents (people younger than 15 or older than 64) to the working-age population (ages 15-64).

Population Growth Rate

The rate at which the number of individuals in a population increases in a given time period, typically expressed as a percentage.

Natural Increase

The growth rate of a population, calculated as the difference between birth rates and death rates.

Sustainable Development

Development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.

Climate Refugees

People displaced due to changes in the climate that make their original homes uninhabitable.

Census

A systematic enumeration of a population, typically recording various details of individuals.

Life Expectancy

The average period that a person may expect to live.

Population Control Policies

Strategies implemented by government to regulate the number of inhabitants.

Economic Factors

Factors influencing the economy which can impact population dynamics.

Social Factors

Elements that influence individual or collective behavior within a society, affecting population trends.

High Fertility Rate

A TFR above the replacement level of 2.1, indicating potential population growth.

Low Fertility Rate

A TFR below the replacement level of 2.1, indicating potential population decline.

Migrant

A person who moves from one place to another, especially to find work or better living conditions.

Cartogram

A map in which the sizes of countries are adjusted based on statistical information.

Transitional Stage

A phase in the demographic transition model where death rates decline while birth rates remain high.

Post-Industrial Stage

A stage in the demographic transition model characterized by low birth and death rates.

Agricultural Revolution

A period characterized by the transition from hunting and gathering to agriculture, significantly influencing population growth.

Industrial Revolution

A period of significant industrial growth that started in the late 18th century and created demographic shifts.

Urban Sprawl

The uncontrolled expansion of urban areas.

Population Explosion

A sudden increase in the number of individuals in a population.

Environmental Change

Alterations in the environment due to natural or human influences.

Cultural Adaptation

The process where individuals learn and adjust behaviors and beliefs to fit into a new culture.

Resource Availability

The accessibility of natural resources necessary for survival and economic development.

Biodiversity

The variety of life in a particular habitat or ecosystem.

Globalization

The process by which businesses or other organizations develop international influence or start operating on an international scale.

Technological Advances

Progress in technology that can affect population growth, health, and economy.

Healthcare Access

The ease with which individuals can obtain needed medical services.

Social Safety Net

A network of services provided by the state or other institutions that offer support to the population in need.

Economic Development

The process of improving the economic well-being and quality of life for a community by creating and retaining jobs.

Population Strategies

Policies or plans designed to manage population growth or decline.

Geospatial Analysis

The analysis of data that has a geographic or spatial aspect.

Social Constructs

Concepts or norms that are created and maintained by society.