Notes on Antiparasitic Drugs in Veterinary Medicine

Azole class drugs

Older, generic broad-spectrum antiparasitics (albendazole, fenbendazole, benzomyazole) that are inexpensive, safe, and effective across many animal species. They typically require multi-day dosing regimens.

eta-tubulin

A protein essential for cell division in parasites, targeted by azole/benzimidazole drugs. Disruption leads to parasite death.

Ivermectin

An antiparasitic that causes paralysis in susceptible parasites by affecting glutamate-gated chloride channels in their nervous system. Commonly used in heartworm preventives, but not ideal for flukes or tapeworms.

ext{glutamate} ext{ receptor}

The target site for ivermectin in parasites, whose modulation leads to paralysis by inhibiting muscle contraction and preventing nourishment.

Praziquantel

The number one drug of choice for tapeworms (cestodes). It kills tapeworms and aids in their expulsion, effective against multiple life stages (eggs, immature forms, adults).

Cestodes

Medical term for tapeworms; primarily targeted by praziquantel.

Trematodes

Medical term for flukes; among the azoles, albendazole is shown to be most effective against them.

Nematodes

Medical term for general worms; addressed by various dewormers including azoles and ivermectin (with specific limitations).

Life stages of parasites

Refer to the different developmental forms of parasites (e.g., eggs, larvae, adults). Praziquantel, for example, is effective across multiple cestode life stages.

Azole dosing regimen

Typically requires 3-5 (sometimes 7) consecutive days of exposure for effective parasite treatment.

Ivermectin breed sensitivity

Certain breeds like Collies, Collie mixes, Shelties, and Border Collies have a genetic mutation that makes them susceptible to ivermectin toxicity, which can be fatal if overdosed.

Albendazole specific use

The most effective azole against flukes; frequently chosen when flukes are part of the parasite load.

Praziquantel specific use

The primary drug of choice for treating tapeworm infections in animals.