WORD FORMATION

As the global warming looms large, more and more icebergs make the __________ journey from one continent to another, resulting in the sea level rise. (POLE)

transpolar

He took off his hat and a pigeon flew out. It was _________________(GUILE) a trick.

beguilingly

- beguilingly (adv) in an attractive and intersting but mysterious way

As long as the party pursues this _________nonsense, it will stay rock bottom of the Scottish opinion polls. (DOOM)

doom-laden

[usually before noun]

​predicting or leading to death, destruction or a bad situationdoom-laden economic forecasts

Nothing could be done in this office without the manager's __________. (SAY)

say-so

- say-so (sin) (inf) permission that sb gives to do sth

ex: He has the final say-so on these matters.

Military service is compulsory for every _______(ABLE) male between 18 and 27

able-bodied/ non-disabled

A (LEVEL) _____________ opinion would consist in saying that linguistic change is neither negative (= decay) nor positive (= progress).

level-headed

calm and able to deal easily with difficult situations

She spent hours getting the house ______(SPOT) clean.

spotlessly

- spotless (a) immaculate (perfectly clean)

Wow, I'm afrain I am not very __________ (PHOTO).

photogenic

_____________________________________________(ACCOMPANY) children will not be allowed to cross busy roads.

Unaccompanied

The sun should be enjoyed but overexposure can cause sunburn, leading to ______________(MATURE) skin ageing and increased risk of cancer.

premature

His success depended on a _____________(FORTUNE) combination of circumstances.

fortuitous

There's little hope that Maurice's behaviour will ever improve. It will probably remain so ______________(CORRECT) till he grows up.

incorrigible

The people possess (VIOLATE) _____________rights.

inviolable

In earlier times, __________ (FIGURE) and ___________ (FORM) were associated with evil.

disfigurement, malformation

They've ______________us 10% on the price of the holiday because of a rise in air fares. (CHARGE)

surcharged

​- surcharge sb (sth) to make sb pay a surcharge

ex: We were surcharged £50 for travelling on a Friday.

There is a 2% surcharge on credit card users.

Most blind beliefs in _______________ideas and various taboos originate in some religious mentality. (HERESY)

heretical

- heresy (unc) ​dị giáo /ˈherəsi/

-> heretical (a) /həˈretɪkl/

John wrote a ______________of his grandmother after she passed away. (MEMORY)

memoir

As in all the chapters, David maintains the excitement visually with pictures and page designs that make such a book a ............ (PAGE)

page-turner

- a pageturner = an unputdownable book

In order to ensure cat's safety, the chicken breasts should be _________________with a sharp small knife before cooking. (BONE)

DEBONED (rút xương)

Migratory birds ______________cross countries, continents, and even oceans by usig magnetic fields to navigate. (ERROR)

unerringly /ʌnˈɜːrɪŋli/ (= unfainlingly)

A(n) ________ (HISTORY) political outlook can be misguided or even dangerous, because it doesn't take the lessons of the past into account.

ahistorical

THe ________________headed by Mr.Smith would be looking to develop hotel facilities adjoining the stadium. (SORT)

consortium

- consortium (n) a group of people, countries, companies, etc. who are working together on a particular project

/kənˈsɔːtiəm/ /kənˈsɔːrʃiəm/

(plural consortiums, consortia)

A series of _______________videos of what appears to be Margot Robbie has surfaced online, fooling many users into believing it is actually her. (FAKE)

deepfake

Mind-altering drugs weren't necessary, since this was an evening of pure _______spontaneous and harmless fun. (ADULT)

unadulterated

Knowledge workers are essential for successs in ____________________industries. (TECH)

technology-driven

take the plunge

(informal) to decide to do something important or difficult, especially after thinking about it for a long time

They finally decided to take the plunge and get married.

take the bull by the horns

to face a difficult or dangerous situation directly and with courage

misfortunes never come singly

Given the limited data available, I can only __________ (ESTIMATE) the total cost of the project.

guestimate

-> gues(s)timate (inf)

cable telegram -> cablegram (điện báo)

It was a cold night in late autumn and the rain lashed down _____________. (REMIT)

unremittingly

= unceasingly = ceaslessly = incessantly = non-stop

______________(TIME) crimes don't atttract a lot of attention.

Small-time (a) (Only before N) (inf, disapproving) petty

He was accused of sexism and ___________ (MIND) in blaming her for the collapse of the talks.

small-mindedness

He drove around the outside of the town to avoid the _________ in the centre. (BOTTLE)

bottleneck

a narrow or busy section of road where the traffic often gets slower and stops; anything that delays development or progress, particularly in business or industry

-> to create/eliminate bottlenecks in the manufacturing process

____________, a neighbour stopped by just then. (PROVIDE)

Providentially

The awards ceremony kicked off ___________ when the presenter tripped on his way onto the stage. (AUSPICIES)

inauspiciously

These days, young children tend to have a(n) ___________ against voicing their true feelings.

A. inhibition B. retardation C. restriction D. reservation

A

- inhibit sth (formal) prevent sth from happening or make it happen more slowly or less frequently than normal

- inhibit sb (from sth/doing) make sb nervous/embarrassed so that they are unable to do sth

ex: The managing director's presence inhibited them from airing their problems

-inhibition (c,unc) a shy, nervous feeling that stops you from expressing your real thoughts,feelings

ex: They had no inhibitions about making their opinions known.

(unc, formal) the act of limiting/preventing a proccess/an action

-> the inhibition of growth

The new chief executive has brought a _____(GENDER) approach to her workplace.

gender-blind

->race-blind

He stands on the training ground, pinging shots (ERR) ___________ past the poor young goalkeepers.

unerringly

We'll have more space if we knock down the (JOIN)___________ wall.

adjoining

(= the wall between two rooms).

They are big, ______(BONE) cattle, and we do not want them in this country where we are doing our best to improve our breed of cattle.

raw-boned (ốm lòi xương)

For me, th holiday was sheer __________pleasure. (ADULT)

unadulterated

Some of the ______(MEMO), such as newspaper articles or photographs, were set aside for use later in the farewell ritual.

memorabilia

(plu) đồ lưu nieệm

It was a cold night in late autumn and the rain lashed down ___________(MIT).

unremittingly

There is usually not very much emphasis on _______crimes. (SMALL)

small-time (petty

She's on __________. (TRANQUIL) due to mental issues.

tranquillizers

Aren't you chancing your ________ a bit giving up a secure job to start up a business?

arm

Many factors can lead to growth _____ (RETARD) in unborn babies.

retardation

[unc] (formal) the fact of making the development or progress of sth slower

I had long since grown used to the (ECCENTRIC) of his driving technique.

eccentricities

​[c, usually plu] an unusual act or habit

[unc] behaviour that people think is strange or unusual; the quality of being unusual and different from other people

__________animals don't usually feed on vegetables. (FLESH)

flesh-eating

The _________(FUTURE) sports stadium iss the pride off the city.

futuristic

She is one of those ________(PERTURB) people who never get angry or upset.

imperturbable

If someone dies abroad, insurance may not cover the __________of their body. (PATRIOT)

repatriation

(unc,c) ​(formal) the act of sending or bringing somebody back to their own country; the act of sending money or profits back to your own country

As part of their language strudies, the students practiced ________, coverting the Cyrillic script into tha Latin alphabet. (LITERATE)

transliteration

-> computer-literate (a) able to use computers well

She______the things we need to buy - sugar, tea, sandwiches. (NUMBER)

enumerates

​enumerate sth (v) to name things on a list one by one

ex: They were asked to enumerate the factors that had influenced their choice.

_______, we should stay in a hostel instead of a hotel. (BUDGET)

Budgetwise

-> budgetary (a) /ˈbʌdʒɪtəri/

-> budgetary control/policies/reform

Children who grow up in time of war are more likely to be _________than others. (ADJUST)

maladjusted

The school aims to produce ________(ADJUST) members of society.

well-adjusted

Kids who feel ______(POWER) and victimized at school or abused at home, may turn to drugs.

disempowered

An alarm sounds when the temperature reaches a_______level. (DETERMINE)

predetermined

(a) (formal)

​decided in advance so that it does not happen by chance

Without help, many released prisoners will ____(OFFEND).

reoffend

The only way for management to return value to shareholders in the short term is to _______(LIQUID) the company and return the cash.

liquidate

if a business liquidates or is liquidated, it is closed so that its assets can be sold to pay its debts:

My friends started going out late to nightclubs so I decided to _________myself from the group. (SOCIAL)

dissociate/disassociate

-> disassociate yourself/sb from sb/sth: to say or do sth to show that you are not connected with or do not support sb/sth; to make it clear that sth is not connected with a particular plan, action, etc.

The meat is served with salad or _______(SORT) vegetables.

assorted

(a) of various different sorts

They split up because they seem an _____________(SORT) couple.

ill-assorted

(a) (of a group of people/things)not seeming right or suitable for each other

Don't expect to get _____________(PREFER) treatment.

preferential (thiên vị)

Men traditionally __________(MONOPOLY) jobs in the printing industry.

monopolized

-> monopolize sth (v) to have or take control of the largest part of sth so that other people are prevented from sharing it

The higher cost of energy can be traced to the increasing ______________(MONOPOLY) of the oil industry.

monopolization

-> monopolist

She did not consider the fine a sufficient deterrent against __________(MONO) practices by big producers.

monopolistic

You would be ________(ADVISE) to travel on your own.

ill-advised

(a) not sensible; likely to cause difficulties in the future

Her remarks were ill-advised, to say the least.

You would be _________(ADIVSE) to tackle this problem urgently.

well advised

[not before n] (to do sth) acting in the most sensible way

It had happened during the ___(PRECEDE) year.

preceding

[only before n] ​happening before sth; coming before sth/sb in order

The court's decision in the landmark case was a _________(PRECEDE) one, establishing new legal standards for future rulings.

precedent-setting

___________ without providing soldiers with training, as well as help in finding alternative means of livelihood, leads to instability and internal crises. (ARM)

Disarmament

(unc) giải trừ quân bị -> disarmament talks

ex: They campaigned for nuclear disarmament.

The department did not have enough of its own officers and ___________ or a backup plan in place - to keep the rioters out of the building. (FORTIFY)

FORTIFICATIONS

- fortification (c, usually plu) a tower, wall, gun position...built to defend a place against attack

(unc) the fact of fortifying

-> plans for the fortification of the city

As the country prepares for war, more and more money is being spent on ______. (ARM)

armament

- armament (c, usually plu) weapons, esp large guns, bombs, tanks -> the armaments industry

(unc) the process of increasing the amount of weapons an army/country has, esp to prepare for a war

I find it ___________ that Peter has compromised his journalistic integrity through such false claims. (LAMENT)

lamentable

- lament sth/that: have/express very sad feelings about sb/sth

ex: In the poem, he laments the destruction of the countryside.

= bemoan sth = bewail sth

- lamentable (a) (formal) (= deplorable - regrettable) very disappointing

ex: She shows a lamentable lack of understanding.

A low starting salary acts as a strong ________(INCENTIVE) to getting back to work for the unemployed.

disincentive

(c)

-> disincentivize sth | sb from doing sth (v)

Indeed, road schemes, bridges and tunnels are all specifically mentioned in the ___________ complicated, explanatory notes relating to the private finance initiative. (NIGHTMARE)

nightmarishly

- nightmarish /ˈnaɪtmeərɪʃ/ (a) very frightening and unpleasant; very difficult to deal with -> nightmarish living conditions

I understand that the company has offered ___________services to its redundant employees; that is welcome, but it is only a first step. (PLACE)

OUTPLACEMENT

- replacement (n) (unc) the act of replacing one thing with another, esp sth newer/better -> the replacement of worn car parts

(c) a thing that replaces sth old/broken -> a hip replacement

(c) (for sb) ng thay thế

ex: He came on as a replacement for the injured player.

- 'outplacement (unc) the process of helping people to find new jobs after they have been made unemployed

- outperformance (unc)

-> the outperformance of the Australian dollar relative to other currencies

Shoppers unable to afford___________goods have decided to pay what they can. (PRICE)

overpriced

Despite their best efforts, the company's reputation was ___________tarnished after the scandal. (REDEEM)

irredeemably

- tarnish (v) lm hoen ố -> be tainted by/with sth

- irredeemably (adv) -> irrecoverably (adv)

Public interest in magic had increased with a number of performers gaining ___________in fairs as well as theatres. (NOTORIOUS)

notoriety /ˌnəʊtəˈraɪəti/ (for /as)

In his ___________polite way, he ignored his opponent's taunts. (PERTURB)

imperturbable (a) ​not easily upset or worried by a difficult situation; calm

-> alarmed/perturbed at/about

The local people remained calm and apparently ______(PERTURB)

unperturbed (not worried or anxious) /ˌʌnpəˈtɜːbd/

-> perturbed at/about sth

Across the ages, people have traveled to the farthest reaches of the world in search of solace and ___________ (LIGHT)

enlightenment

(unc) knowledge about/understanding of sth (việc khai sáng)

ex: The newspapers provided little enlightenment about the cause of the accident.

Sarah ______ handed over the remote control, her reluctance evident as she gave up her favorite show forMichael's. [GRUDGE]

grudgingly

- grudgingly = reluctantly (adv)

ex: She grudgingly admitted that I was right.

- hand (sth<->) over (to sb) give sb else your position of power or the responsibility of sth

ex: She resigned and handed over to one of her younger colleagues.

-> handover (c,unc) sự chueyenr giao

-> the smooth handover of power from a military to a civillian government

The new security system features a ______ door lock, which requires manual input to initiate but then completes the locking process on its own. [AUTOMATION]

semi-automatic

- semi-automatic (a) partly automatic ; (n) a weapon that fires one round of bullets each time the trigger is pressed

The prolonged illness began to ______ Jack, leaving him too weak to even get out of bed. [FEEBLE]

enfeeble

- feeble (a) very weak; not effective, not showing energy/effort

-> feeble-minded (a) weak+ unable to make decisions

-> feebleness (unc) great weakness -> the old man's feebleness; the fact of being ineffective; lack of effort/energy

-> enfeeble sb/sth (v) make sb/sth weak

ex: The soldiers were enfeebled by lack of nutrition.

Following an accident that left her with a severe facial injury, Jenna decided to undergo ______ to repair the damage and improve her breathing. [NOSE]

rhinoplasty

- rhinoplasty (n) (unc/c) an operation to change the shape of the nose /ˈraɪ.nəˌplæs.ti/

rhino-: relating to nose

-plast

- surgery (unc) -> undergo heat/knee/shoulder surgery

-> major/minor surgery

ex: She's specialist in reconstructive and cosmetic surgery.

- appendicitis (uc) viêm ruột thừa /əˌpendəˈsaɪtɪs/

The archaeologists carefully examined the ______ chamber of the ancient tomb, where the most valuable artifacts were hidden. [IN]

innermost

- chamber (c) a space under the ground that is completely closed on all sides -> echo chamber /ˈekəʊ tʃeɪmbə(r)/

pivot around/on sth

(of an argument, a theory, etc.) to depend completely on something (= hinge on/upon sth)

Shortly after Columbus' epochal voyage, Magellan _____________the globe. (NAVIGATE)

circumnavigated

-> circumnavigate sth: to sail all the way around something, especially all the way around the world

He was able to pass ______(HINDER) through several military checkpoints.

unhindered (a) without anything stopping or preventing the progress of sb/sth

In the realm of artistic expression, creativity can sometimes feel ______ [HINGE], breaking free from conventional constraints.

unhinged /ʌnˈhɪndʒd/

(sometimes offensive)

​having a mental illness that makes sb unable to think or behave normally

-> the delusions of an unhinged mind

Unlike the ______ [ TREAD] paths of traditional art forms, contemporary artists explore new territories, unbound by immovable rules.

well-trodden

- well trodden (a) (formal) (road/path) much used

This freedom allows them to transcend the ______ [TYRANT] of standard techniques, fostering innovation and originality.

tyranny

-> tyrant (n) dictator /ˈtaɪrənt/

While their work may be ______ [ SCRIPT] by certain themes or mediums, the boundaries serve as a challenge rather than a limitation.

circumscribed

- circumscribe sth (v) draw a circle around another shape -> be circumscribed by sth/ in sth: restrict

ex: The power of the monarchy was circumscribed by the new law.

-> inscribe A (on/in B) | B (with A)

By embracing the ______ [CONVENTION], artists illuminate new perspectives and inspire others to see the world through different lenses, proving that creativity, though sometimes chaotic, is a powerful force for change and expression.

unconventional

- unconventional (a) unorthodox (different + interesting)

ex: The magazine describes him as having unconventional good looks.

- conventionality (unc, c) (often disapproving) >< unconventionality (unc,c)

ex: She observes the conventionalities of middle class life.

It was a __________ (TREAD) nation during centuries of foreign occupation.

DOWNTRODDEN

(a) (people) bị áp bức kinh khủng

Using ________(SPECTRUM) drugs can ultimately lead to antibiotic resistance.

broad-spectrum

[only before noun] (specialist)

​(of a drug or chemical) effective against a large variety of bacteria, insects, etc.