taxonomy

What are the classifications?

Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species

Domain

The broadest classification of living organisms

What are the three domains?

Archaea, Eubacteria, Eukarya

Archae

single celled prokaryotes

Eubacteria

Single celled prokaryotes

Eukarya

can be single or multicellular, contain membrane bound organelles

Kingdoms

The second broadest classification of living organisms

What are the six kingdoms?

Archaea, Eubacteria, Protista, Fungi, Plantae, and Animalia

Kingdom Monera

outdated classification that grouped Archaea and Eubacteria together based on their lack of membrane-bound organelles

what is the cell wall of Eubacteria composed of?

peptidoglycan ester linkages

how many ribosomes does Eubacteria have?

70S

What is the DNA organization of Eubacteria?

Circular, no introns or histones

What are the structural features of Eubacteria?

flagella and pili

How does Eubacteria reproduce?

Binary fission

What makes up the cell wall of Archaea?

Lacks peptidoglycan, ether linkages

How many ribosomes does Archaea have?

70S

What is the DNA organization of Archaea?

circular with introns and histones

What are the structural features of Archaea?

Flagella and pili

How does Archaea reproduce?

Binary fission

What are prokaryotes?

Organisms that do not have membrane bound organelles. Can be either Archaea or Eubacteria

peptidoglycan

a large, mesh-like molecule who’s scaffolding serves as the principle component of the bacterial cell wall.

• made of sugars and amino acids

Capsule

a protective coating which encapsulates the cells wall

• acts as a virulence factor by preventing cell desiccation (drying out)

• all bacteria has capsules

gram staining

staining method used to differentiate bacteria based on cell walls

Gram positive bacteria

PPT= Purple, Peptidoglycan, Teichoic acid

• thick peptidoglycan layer

• stained dark purple

• no outer membrane

• secrete exotoxins

• contains teichoic acids

• minor periplasm

teichoic acids

polysaccharide that connects the peptidoglycan layer to the plasma membrane & provides rigidity and support

exotoxins

a class of toxic proteins that are produced and released by both gram positive and gram negative bacteria

Gram-Negative Bacteria

LONG= Lipopolysaccharides, Outer membrane, Negative, Gram

• thin peptidoglycan layer in the cell

• stained pink

• periplasm between inner and outer membranes

• Lipopolysaccharides (LPS) present

• Secrete exotoxins

• No teichoic acids

gram negative or gram positive?

gram positive

gram negative or gram positive?

gram negative