module 1 - matter

what are the 3 states that matter can exist in

solid

liquid

gas

what are the 2 building blocks of matter

atoms

molecules

what are the 3 fundamental particles of an atom

electron

proton

neutron

the closer the orbiting shells are to the nucleus, the —- the electron binding energy

stronger/higher

the farther the orbiting shells are to the nucleus, the —- the electron binding energy

weaker/lower

what is the unit of measure for mass

kilogram (kg)

what is the unit of measure for electron binding energy

keV

AKA for centripetal force

center-seeking force

AKA for atomic mass

atomic mass number

A #

A number

atomic mass #

AKA for atomic number

Z#

Z number

atomic #

AKA for orbital shells

energy levels

AKA for period

row

AKA for group

column

kg abbreviation

kilogram

Eb abbreviation

electron binding

A # abbreviation

atomic mass

Z # abbreviation

atomic number

what is aluminum used for (2 things)

used as primary material for filtration

used as interspacing material in grids

what is barium used for

used as radiopaque contrast

what is iodine used for

used as radiopaque material in aqueous iodinated

what is lead used for (2 things)

used as material for radiation protection apparel

used in grids to absorb scatter radiation

what is molybdenum used for

used as the material for the rotating anodes neck and base

what is tungsten used for (2 things)

filament wires are made of tungsten

target tracks of the anode are 90% tungsten

why do we care about radon (2 things)

it is the largest source of natural radiation

too much radon is not good because it can cause lung cancer

anything that occupies space and has mass

matter

the quantity of matter contained in any physical object

mass

the smallest particle of an element that cannot be divided or broken by chemical means

atom

the force exerted on a body of mass under the influence of gravity

weight

what protons and neutrons are collectively called

nucleons

the force that keeps an electron in its orbit

centripetal force

the strength of attachment an electron has to the nucleus

electron binding energy

no outer shell of an atom can contain more than 8 electrons

rule of octet

number of protons plus the number of neutrons in the nucleus

atomic mass

the number of protons in the nucleus

atomic number

atoms that have the same atomic number and different atomic mass numbers

isotopes

atoms that are electrically neutral and have a charge of zero

stable atom

an atom that has an electron removed (or has an extra electron)

ionized atom

the removal or addition of an orbital electron from an atom

ionization

what is left after ionization occurs

ion pair

a substance that cannot be broken down into smaller particles by simple means

element

atoms of various elements that are grouped together by chemical forces

molecules

a mixture made up of 2 or more elements held together by chemical forces or bonds

compound

what is the chemical symbol for aluminum

Al

what is the chemical symbol for barium

Ba

what is the chemical symbol for iodine

I

what is the chemical symbol for lead

Pb

what is the chemical symbol for molybdenum

Mo

what is the chemical symbol for tungsten

W

what is the chemical symbol for radon

Rn

what is the z number for aluminum

13

what is the z number for barium

56

what is the z number for iodine

53

what is the z number for lead

82

what is the z number for molybdenum

42

what is the z number for tungsten

74

what is the z number for radon

86

what is the equation to find the maximum number of electrons that can be in each shell of an atom

2(n)²

K shell = — #

1

L shell =

2

M shell=

3

N shell =

4

O shell =

5

P shell =

6

Q shell =

7

what is the maximum number of electrons that can be in the K shell (1)

2

what is the maximum number of electrons that can be in the L shell (2)

8

what is the maximum number of electrons that can be in the M shell (3)

18

what is the maximum number of electrons that can be in the N shell (4)

32

what is the maximum number of electrons that can be in the O shell (5)

50

what is the maximum number of electrons that can be in the P shell (6)

72

what is the maximum number of electrons that can be in the Q shell (7)

98

what is the charge of a proton

positive

what is the charge of an electron

negative

what is the charge of a neutron

neutral

what is the charge of a stable atom

neutral

in radiography, ionization is usually a result of the — of an electron

removal

what are the 2 interactions that occur in diagnostic x-ray

photoelectric interaction (absorption)

compton interaction (scatter)

what does the bohr atom resemble

a miniature solar system

what is at the center of the bohr atom

nucleus

what is inside the nucleus

nucleons (protons and neutrons)