Chapter 21: Ideologies & Upheavals

Beside population decline, what was another effect ( towards Great Britain) of the Great famine in Ireland?

They hated the British.

Why did Europeans and Americans embrace the Greek revolution?

Similar culture and thoughts.

During the Prussian revolution in 1848, why did the alliance b/w middle class liberals and workers dissolve?

Workers wanted their own rights, democratic and social reform

When it came to France, what were the allied powers of the Congress of Vienna looking to avoid?

Avoid isolating and angering France

Which factor was the most important in influence on the peaceful midcentury reforms in GB?

Political competition b/w the aristocracy and middle class

What did composers in the Romantic movement abandon and use in their music?

Abandoned traditional music structures and used a wide range of forms to invoke emotion.

What reform did France’s 2nd Republic Institue in 1848?

Universal Male’s Suffrage

What characterized the Romantic movement?

Emotion, imagination, and spontaneity

What crop contributed to Ireland’s population growth despite extreme poverty?

Potatoes

What areas gained greater representation in Great Britain, Reform Bill of 1832?

Industrial Areas

What foreign policy principle guided the allies at the Congress of Vienna?

Balance of Power

How was Wordsworth’s political evolution the opposite of Victor Hugo’s?

Wordsworth went from being a young radical to embracing restraint and caution.

Who did Charles X of France invade to rally political support for himself in 1830?

Algeria

Why did Metternich oppose the spread of nationalism?

Threat to multi-ethnic empires like Austria

Which important criticism did Marx use against the French utopian socialists?

They are ineffective because of the system.

Who wrote Frankenstein in 1816?

Mary Shelly

List the nations that made up the Quadruple Alliance that defeated Napoleon

Great Britain, Russia, Prussia, and Austria

What was the goal of the British Corn Laws of 1815?

Raised tariffs on imported grains.

How did Hungarian revolutionaries see a future Hungary?

Culturally and politically unified.

Why did Romantics and early nationalists seek folk songs, folk tales, and proverbs?

To find unique people’s history and culture.

What did Metternich & Alexander I proclaim at the Troppau Conference in 1820?

They’re willing to intervene to support autocratic regimes.

Who triumphed from the June Days in France in 1848? And how many were killed or injured?

The French Republic, and around 10,000.

What did Count Henri Saint-Simon believe was a key to social progress?

Proper social organization.

What was Austria’s position that prevented the Frankfurt Parliament from creating a “Greater Germany?”

They didn’t want to lose their multi-ethnic position.

In December 1825, 3,000 Russian officers, inspired by liberalism, staged a protest against the new Tsar

Tsar Nicholas I

Which political reform did the French government refuse in 1848?

Electoral reform

How did France’s constitutional charter affect the middle class & peasentry?

To solidify gains for the middle class & peasantry.

How was Charles Fourier, a utopian socialist idea on marriage?

Abolish marriage, unions are based on love & sexual freedoms.

How did the French provincial government respond to depression & rising unemployment in 1848?

Workshops

Folklorists like Jacob & Winhelm Grimm used Romantic ideas to support what political concept during the mid 19th century?

Nationalism

What European nations support Greece against the Ottomans?

Great Britain, France, Russia

What did the Karlsbad Decrees require from members of the German Confederation?

Stop subversive ideas and spy on liberal and radical organizations.

What did early socialist thinkers believe early industrial society encouraged?

Encourages selfish individualism and creates fragmented communities.

What 2 groups composed the revolutionary alliance during the 1848 revolutions in Central Europe?

Students and working class

What country failed in an unsuccessful revolution in 1830?

Poland

What social class would establish socialism according to Marx?

Working class

How did laissez-faire economics influence government intervention?

Discourages government intervention.

When it came to voting, what did the Chartist movement in Great Britain demand?

Universal male suffrage.

What was property according to Pierre-Joseph Proudhon?

Theft of the working class

What was the driving historical force according to Marx?

Relationship between the social classes.

What country sent 130,000 soldiers to subdue the Hungarian Revolution?

Russia.

What did 19th c. artist Eugene Delacroix typically feature in his art?

Dramatic colorful scenes

How did William Wordsworth conceive poetry?

Spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings.

Thinking Like a Historian, page 636 #2, 1848 political pamphlet, Demands of the German people. What do the authors believe?

citizens inspired by republicanism believed in individual rights such as allowing ALL men of 21 years and above to vote, freedom of press, religious tolerance, etc….

Map 21.1 Europe in 1815, which countries were considered the Great Powers of Europe in the first half of the 1800’s

Russia, Prussia, Austria, Great Britain, and France

Evaluating Written Evidence, page 632, Karlsbad Decrees. This passage is a sweeping attempt to do what?

clamp down on liberal nationalists in the universities and the press throughout the German confederation

Map 21.1: Europe in 1815. Why was the Austrian Empire able to keep order in most of Europe from 1815 to 1848?

due to the outcomes of the congress of Vienna

Evaluating Written Evidence, page 632, Karlsbad Decrees. How does authors of the decrees see universities.

Karlsbad decrees were periodically renewed until finally overturned during the revolutions of 1848

Map 21.2: Peoples of the Habsburg Monarchy 1815. Which people were in the kingdom of Hungary?

Slovaks, carpatho Ukrainians (ruthians), Magyars (Hungarians),Romanians, and Germans

Map 21.2: Pp/s Of the Habsburg Monarchy 1815. Which nationalities dominated the Habsburg monarchy?

Germans & Hungarians