HDFS 280 chapters 1&2

Science of human development

Seeks to understand how and why all kinds of people change over time

Growth is..

Multidirectional multi contextual multidisciplinary multicultural and plastic

5 steps of the scientific method

Curiosity, hypothesis, test , analyze data and draw conclusions, report the results

meta analysis

Combines results of multiple studies

Nature

Influence of genes that people inherit

Nurture

Environmental influences beginning with the health diet and stress

Aces

Adverse childhood experiences

Infancy age

0-2

Early childhood age

2-6

Middle childhood age

6-11

Adolescence

11-18

Emerging adulthood

18-25

Adulthood

25-65

Late adulthood

65+

Critical period

A time when something must occur for normal development

Sensitive period

Particular development occurs more easy

Urie Bronfenbrenner made what

Ecological systems approach

Microsystem

Each persons immediate social contexts such as family and peergroups

exosystem

Local institutions such as school and places of worship

Macrosystem

Larger setting such as cultural values and economic policies

mesosystem

Connections among other systems

Chronosystem

Historical context

Bioecological system

Internal Biology of a person

Cohort

People born within a few years of eachother

Social construction

A concept created or constructed by society

Difference equals deficit error

The mistaken idea that unusual beliefs are not as good as familiar ones

Intersectionality

The idea that everyone is pushed and pulled

Multidirectional

Change occurs in every direction, not always in a straight line. Gains and losses, predictable growth, and unexpected transformations are evident.

Multi contextual

Human lives are embedded in many contexts, including historical conditions, economic constraints, and family patterns.

Multicultural

Many cultures — not just between nations but also within them — affect how people develop.

Multidisciplinary

Numerous academic fields — especially psychology, biology, education, and sociology, but also neuroscience, economics, religion, anthropology, history, medicine, genetics, and many more — contribute insights

Plastic

Every individual, and every trait within each individual, can be altered at any point in the life span. Change is ongoing, although it is neither random nor easy.

Developmental theory

a comprehensive statement that provides a framework for understanding “how and why people change over time.”

Pscycodynamic

a powerful source of psychic energy that can motivate action, for good or ill.

Sociocultural theory

is that development results from the interaction between developing persons and their surrounding society, because “the biological dynamics of health and wellbeing is inherently intertwined with socio-cultural processes” (Kitayama & Park, 2017). Culture is not only external in a society, it is also internal to each person.

Vygotsky

Credited with foundational thought Regarding the sociocultural perspective

Zone of proximal development

an imaginary area surrounding the learner that contains the skills, knowledge, and concepts that are close (proximal) to being grasped but not yet reached.

Psychodynamic theories

make us aware of the impact of early-childhood experiences, remembered or not, on subsequent development.

Behaviorism

shows that immediate responses, associations, and observation affect learning, moment by moment and over time.

Cognitive theories

bring an understanding of intellectual processes, the thoughts and beliefs that guide what we do.

Sociocultural theories

remind us that development is embedded in a rich and multifaceted cultural context, evident in every social interaction.

Evolutionary theories

suggest that human impulses need to be recognized so they can be controlled.

Eclectic perspective

choosing the best aspects of each theory. Rather than adopt any one theory exclusively, they selectively use them all.