Weimar and Nazi Germany Flashcards

Flashcards from lecture notes.

When did Ebert announce the creation of the Weimar Republic?

November 9th, 1918

Under the Treaty of Versailles, how many men were Germany limited to?

100,000 men

What percent of German land was lost under the Treaty of Versailles?

10%

How many political assassinations were there in Germany from 1919 to 1921?

376

When was the Spartacist Uprising?

January 5th, 1919

What directly triggered the Spartacist Uprising?

January 4th, 1919, the day Eichhorn was sacked

How many workers protested on January 6th during the Spartacist Uprising?

100,000 workers

When did Ebert order the Freikorps to suppress the Spartacist Uprising?

January 13th, 1919

When were Rosa Luxemburg and Karl Liebknecht killed during the Spartacist Uprising?

January 16th, 1919

When was the Kapp Putsch?

March 1920

When did the Freikorps and Wolfgang Kapp march in Berlin during the Kapp Putsch?

March 20th, 1920

Approximately how many people marched in Berlin during the Kapp Putsch?

5,000

How many days did it take for Kapp to step down from governing after the Kapp Putsch?

4 days

When was the Munich Putsch?

November 8th, 1923

Who was Hitler primarily inspired by for the Munich Putsch?

Mussolini's March on Rome in 1922

Approximately how many Nazis participated in the Munich Putsch?

600

Who was Lundendorff?

Ex-commander of the army

Who was Von Kahr?

Head of the Bavarian Government

Who was Von Lossow?

Army Chief of Bavaria

Who was Seisser?

Chief of Police

Where did the Munich Putsch begin?

A beer hall in Munich

How many Nazis were killed during the Munich Putsch?

16 Nazis

When did the Ruhr Crisis begin?

January 11th, 1923

When did Germany fail to pay reparations, directly leading to the invasion of the Ruhr?

December 1922

How many soldiers did the French army have during the Ruhr Crisis?

750,000

How many Nazi seats were there in 1924?

32

What was the approximate change in the price of bread from 1919 to 1923 during hyperinflation?

1919 - 1 mark, 1923 - 200,000 billion marks

When did Stresemann become Chancellor?

August 1923

What was the Dawes Plan?

US loans were given to Germany to help recover, repayment terms were changed to be manageable, which avoided confrontations, and the German economy was rebuilt.

What was the Retenmark?

A new currency was introduced the old burned and this reintroduced value to the economy and stabilized it. This helped rebuild the economy.

What was the Young's Plan?

Further reduced reparations and extended the length of payment. This helped the economy and was more manageable.

When was the Dawes Plan implemented?

1924

How much was the first US loan to Germany under the Dawes Plan?

800 million marks

What percentage increase in industry was attributed to the Dawes Plan?

40%

When was the Rentenmark introduced?

November 1923

When was the Young's Plan introduced?

1929

By how much were reparations reduced under the Young's Plan?

£6.6 billion to £1.85 billion

How many extra years were given to Germany to pay reparations under the Young's Plan?

59 years

When was the Locarno Pact signed?

1925

When was Germany invited to join the League of Nations?

1926

When was the Kellogg-Briand Pact signed?

1928

The Young Plan

1929

By approximately what percent did real wages increase due to Stresemann's actions?

10%

When was Hindenburg elected president, indicating a recovery due to democracy?

1925

How many unemployed middle-class workers were still in Germany in 1928?

184,000

By 1929, agricultural production was at what percentage of its pre-war levels?

74%

How many cinemas were there in 1932, during the Golden Years of Weimar Germany?

3800

Approximately how many copies of 'All Quiet on the Western Front' were sold?

500,000

What was the most technically advanced film of the time during the Golden Years, and who directed it?

Metropolis, directed by Fritz Lang

Name two prominent artists during the Golden Years of Weimar Germany who depicted post-war Germany.

Otto Dix and George Grosz

What was the name of the leading architectural organization during the Weimar era?

Bauhaus

What was the saying about the negative economic impacts of the Golden Years of Weimar Germany?

'We are dancing on a volcano'

How much less was homelessness since 1928?

60%

When was the unemployment insurance law enacted in Germany, and what did it entail?

1927

How many women were in the Reichstag in 1926?

32

By 1933, approximately how many female teachers and doctors were there in Germany?

100,000 teachers, 3,000 doctors

What social, economic, and political freedoms did women receive during the Golden Years of the Weimar Republic?

More leisure time (cabarets, clubs, theaters unescorted), more professional work, and right to vote

How many seats did the Nazis have after the Great Depression?

230

What was the name of the Nazi paramilitary organization known as the 'Brownshirts'?

SA (Sturmabteilung)

When did Hitler use his imprisonment to spread nazi ideas?

February 1924

What were the main aims outlined in Hitler's 'Mein Kampf'?

Abolish the Treaty of Versailles, eliminate the Jews, gain Lebensraum (living space), and create a Volksgemeinschaft (people's community)

How long did Hitler actually serve of his 5 year sentence in Landsberg Prison?

nine months

When was the Nazi Party relaunched after Hitler's imprisonment?

February 1925

When did Hitler secure his control over the Nazi party at the Bamberg Conference?

February 14th, 1926

What organizations were set up to protect power and teach youths?

Youth groups, such as the Hitler Youth, and the SS (Schutzstaffel)

What were the regional branches of the Nazi Party called, each led by a Gauleiter?

Gaue

When did nazi membership become more nationwide?

1925-1928

What proportion of the vote did nazis recieve in 1928?

2% with 12 seats

When was the Wall Street Crash?

October 1929

What fraction of germans was unemployed during the wall street crash of 1929?

Four out of ten

What percent did Bruning cut unemployment benefits by?

60%

What was brunings nickname?

Hunger chancellor

What did Bruning introduce taxes on?

beer, sugar, peoples income

How many newspapers did the nazis own by 1930?

130

April 1932

Nazis ban SA to control them.

How many seats did the nazis win in the july 1932 election?

230 seats

January 30th 1933

Hitler becomes chancellor after von Papen.

February 27th 1933

Reichstag Fire

How many opponents were arrested on account of the riechstag fire?

4000

In 1939, 160,000 people were arrested by what secret police?

Gestapo

Process of naizification.

Gleichschaltung

Night of the long knives.

June 30th 1934

400 SA members killed- Oath to hitler- loyalty sworn.

Power Changes

August 2nd 1934. President hindenburg dies due to lung cancer.

Hitler unifies roles.

Provided workers with leisure activities such as theatre tickets and sports events- encouraged work

'Strength through Joy'

Controlled by Josef goebbels

Nazi propaganda

Films had nazi news for 45 mins- 70% owned radio- 33 aryan medals.

Censorship, propaganda.

Berlin held olympics in 1936- german won 89 medals- americans beat germans- jesse owens

Aryan Success

Banned nonnazi papers - anti books burned- writers were forced to write that hilted praised hitler

Censorship

German faith movement.

Nazis own religion replacing Christinanity

Christians owed allegiance to pope first, catholics had their own schools but concordat was signed.

Nazis and catholics

Protestant Germnas.

Swastika on chest cross in heart

Popes book in 1937 critisising nazis.

burning anxiety

Confessing church- Martin Niemoller- followed german protestantism- arrested.

Opposition Church

Propaganda increased birth rates- women became servants of german state- given loans- had mothers cross- encouragemnet of marriage law.

German womens enterprise

lebensborn programme established- abortion and contraceptions banned

Sterilisaiton

Healthy good appearance - kinder, karche, kuche- not allowed jobs in profession- loans to encourage women to marry.

Nazis-appearance and jobs

During marriage german had to rearm and women were given work- working on accomodation.

Women work.

Rust became education minister- schppls were compulsary- PE and school changed

Education

Textbooks approived- teachers taught salutes from start to end of lesson.

Teachers oath