Spanish III Vocabulary and Grammar Review

Vocabulary and grammar rules review based on Spanish III notes covering nature, weather, sports, stem-changing verbs, and irregular verb conjugations.

agua dulce/salada

Fresh water/salt water

aire libre

Outdoors

bosque

Forest/ woods

cascada

Waterfall

el amanecer

Dawn/Sunrise

el anochecer

Nightfall

el atardecer

Dusk/sunset

dar una caminata/paseo

To go hiking

refugiarse

To take shelter

aguacero

Downpour

sequía

Drought

campo y pista

Track and field

meter un gol

To score a goal

montar a caballo

To ride a horse

alcanzar

To reach

entrega de premios

Award ceremony

la meta

Goal

concurso

Contest/gameshow

vencer

To overcome/conquer

Boot verbs

Verbs that have a spelling change in the stem in four of the six conjugations

oler

To smell; a stem-changing verb with a unique conjugation (huelo, hueles, huele, olemos, huelen)

almorzar

To have lunch (o -> ue stem-changing verb)

pedir

To ask (for) (e -> i stem-changing verb)

devolver

To return (to someone) (o -> ue stem-changing verb)

caber

To fit (1st person yo form: quepo)

traer

To bring (1st person yo form: traigo)

-cer/-cir rule (preceded by vowel)

Verbs with a vowel before -cer/-cir change C to ZC in the first person "yo" form (exception: cocer)

-guir verb ending rule

Spelling change in the first person "yo" form where the 'u' disappears (e.g., extinguir -> extingo)

-ger/-gir verb ending rule

Spelling change in the first person "yo" form where 'g' changes to 'j' (e.g., escoger -> escojo)

-uir verb ending rule

Spelling change carrying 'uy' in all conjugations except the nosotros form (e.g., construir -> construyo)

-iar / -uar verb ending rule

Orthographic change taking an accent mark on 'i' or 'u' in all conjugations except the nosotros form (e.g., enviar -> envío, actuar -> actúo)