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Attribution

A conclusion about the cause of an observed behavior/event

attribution theory

situational and dispositional

situational attribution

environmental factors

dispositional attribution

thats the way they are and their traits

fundamental attribution error

overemphasize personality over environmental factors

- dispositional > situational

attitude

Feeling ideas, and beliefs that affects how we approach and reach to other people, objects, and events

- Attitudes affect our actions

central route persuasion

uses logic and evidence

peripheral route persuasion

uses emotion

6 ways to say yes (CCARLS)

- consistency

- consensus

- authroity

- reciprocity

- liking

- scarcity

consistency (CCARLS)

people like being consistent with things they have already done

Consensus (CCARLS)

People look at the actions of

others to determine their

own

Authority (CCARLS)

people trust someone with authority

Reciprocity (CCARLS)

obligation to give when u recieve

Liking (CCARLS)

we say yes to people we like

Scarcity (CCARLS)

we want more of what we cant have

foot in the door phenomenon

we get people to agree by starting small then moving up

role-playing

we adopt the attitudes that go with the role even if it is pretend

cognitive dissonance

when actions aren't matching with attitude, we fix attitudes to match our actions

ex: wanting to be healthy but not exercising regularly

conformity

Adjusting out behavior or thinking to fit in with a group standard (consensus)

mimicry, chameleon effect

natural tendency to mimic others

social norms

A "correct" or "normal" way to behave or think in a group

Solomon Asch Conformity Studies

1/3 of people will agree with obvious mistruths because the group said so

obedience

Response to commands by one in authority

group behaviors (SSDGG)

- social loafing

- social facilitation

- Deindividuation

- group polarization

- groupthink

Social Facilitation

We do better when were being watched

social loafing

uneven work load and over-reliant in a group seeing

Deindividuation

Losing self-awareness or restraint when theres high emotion or anonymity

group polarization

When people of similar views enhance their views

groupthink

In pursiut of social harmony, groups will make decisions without realistic appraisal of alternatives

- people would rather get along than find a solution

prejudice

Unjustified ATTITUDE

discrimination

Unjustified BEHAVIOR

stereotype

A generalized BELIEF

roots of prejudice

social, emotional, cognitive

social (ingroup bias)

favoring ones own group

emotional (scapegoat theory)

offers an outlet for anger by finding someone else to blame

cognitive

other race effect, just world fallacy

other race effect

tendency to see uniformity in appearance in other groups and assume other similarities

- all asian people look the same

just world fallacy

people get what they deserve

Aggression

Behavior whose purpose is to harm another; does not always involve violence

premeditated aggression

concious decision to acheive goals

impulsive aggression

spontaneous withtout premeditation

aggression in men

- impulsive

- status competitions

- more likely to cause physical harm

aggression in women

- Premeditated

- focused on attaining/protecting resources

- more likely to cause psychological or social harm

aggression roots

biological and psychological

frustration agreesion principle

people get mad when their goal is stopped by an obstacle

social script

Cultural directions on how to act

- earing out food is by ordering eating then paying

proximity and exposure

we are attracted to people we see more

similarity and reciprocity

we like people similar to us and people who show interest in us

ideal partner for men

- shorter

- younger

- very attractive

- healthy

ideal partner for women

- taller

- older

- mature

- moderately attractive

evolutionary explanation to male and female partners

- women have higher reproductive costs

- reproductive success is higher when chosing a loyal man

- men have higher reproductive rates with young mates

passionate love

feelings of euphoria, intimacy, and intense sexual attraction

compassionate love

Involves affections, trust, and concern for a partner's well-being

social exchange

people remain in relationships only as long as they have a good ratio of costs to benefits

key to a lasting love relationship (ESSP)

- Equity

- self-disclosure

- support

- positive interactions

altruism

Any behavior that benefits someone else without benefiting you

reciprocal altruism

expectation that those benefits will be returned in the future

bystander effect

We don't help someone in need because we think someone else will take care of it

social traps

Situations in which pursuing self-interest makes things worse for everyone

mirror image perception

Both sides assume the worst of the other

factors that reduce conflict (CCCC)

- contact

- communication

- conciliation

- cooperation

contact (CCCC)

exposure and interaction → familiarity → acceptance → connection

conciliation (CCCC)

(smile, apologize, gesture)

cooperation (CCCC)

behavior by two or more individuals that leads to mutual benefit

Psychological disorders

Patterns of thoughts, feelings, or actions that are:

- Deviant

- Distressful

- Dysfunctional

The medical model

mental illnesses viewed more seriously and could have genuine causes and treatments like a physical illness

biopsychosocial model

mental illness is viewed with a broad spectrum of factors including biological, psychological, and social

etiology

specific patterns of causes

epigenetics

Genetics may predispose a person to a disorder

- But symptoms aren't expressed until the environmental trigger switches the gene on

DSM-V

a big book of all the disorders bruh

what was wrong w the DSM 5

- Turning any type of behavior into a disorder (Boys are overdiagnosed with ADHD)

- Some new or altered diagnoses are controversial

comorbidity

Co-occurrence of 2 or more disorders at the same time

Labeling pros and cons

leads to stereotypes, but makes it easier for doctors