APUSH Chapter 24

Census of 1920

Census of 1920

Marked the shift where most Americans lived in urban areas, reflecting the clash between traditional and modern culture

The Jazz Singer

Released in 1927, The first feature-length talkie starring Al Jolson.

The Big Five

Major motion-picture studios during Hollywood’s Golden Age - Warner Brothers, Twentieth Century Fox, RKO Pictures, Paramount Pictures, and Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer.

Will C. Hays

A proponent of the Movie Code and who the code is named after.

Henry Ford

Implemented assembly line in auto manufacturing, lowered car prices, and raised wages to $5 a day, impacting American car ownership and industrial practices.

Automobile

Led to social changes, economic growth in related industries, and suburbanization.

Bessie Coleman

The first African-American woman to earn an international pilot’s license, excelling in stunt flying and parachuting.

Charles A Lindbergh

Their solo flight across the Atlantic in the Spirit of St. Louis made him a celebrated figure akin to James Dean in the 1920s.

The Lindbergh Law

Passed in 1932, made interstate kidnapping a capital offense following the tragic kidnapping and murder of a boy.

Radio

Commercialized in the 1920s, this brought families together in the living room, homogenizing entertainment and news.

Household Technology Advancements

Advancements in items like toasters and refrigerators impacted women's roles, providing leisure time but reinforcing domestic responsibilities.

Advertising

Encouraged consumerism over citizenship, utilizing techniques like buying on credit and planned obsolescence to boost sales.

Nativism

The favoring of native inhabitants over immigrants, fueled by the Red Scare and increased immigration from Eastern and Southern Europe.

the Red Scare

The fear of communism post-WWI, leading to suspicions of socialist movements and the Sacco & Vanzetti case.

Sacco & Vanzetti Case

Anarchists convicted in an unfair trial during the Red Scare, reflecting prejudices against immigrants and radicals.

Emergency Quota Act of 1921

Limited yearly immigration based on nationality, favoring immigrants from certain regions.

Immigration Act of 1924

Further restricted immigration by lowering quotas and shifting the base year, blocking immigration from certain regions.

Immigration Act of 1929

Capped immigration, imposed quotas based on national origin, and banned immigration from Asian nations.

The Birth of a Nation

Released in 1915, a controversial film glorifying the KKK, reflecting racial tensions and prejudices of the time.

Scopes Monkey Trial (1925)

Trial testing the teaching of evolution in schools, highlighting the cultural divide between Fundamentalism and Modernism.

H. L. Mencken

Critic and editor who attacked hack writing and promoted talented writers, challenging organized religion and middle-class values.

Billy Sunday

Evangelist and proponent of prohibition, representing the Fundamentalist movement in the 1920s.

Flappers

Young modern women challenging traditional norms through fashion, behavior, and independence.

Sigmund Freud

Psychologist whose theories on sexual repression influenced the new sexual liberation of the 1920s.

Margaret Sanger

Advocate for birth control and family planning, facing opposition for her progressive views.

Sheppard-Towner Act

Passed in 1921, aimed to reduce maternal and infant mortality, reflecting Progressive ideals post-1920.

Alice Paul

This woman introduced the Equal Rights Amendment in 1923, advocating for gender equality and submitting the proposal annually until its passage in 1972.

Equal Rights Amendment (ERA)

Proposed amendment to the U.S. Constitution aimed at guaranteeing equal legal rights for all American citizens regardless of sex.

Adkins v Children’s Hospital

1923 Supreme Court case that ruled minimum-wage laws for women unconstitutional, based on the legal equality granted by the Nineteenth Amendment.

Great Migration

Movement of African Americans from the rural South to the industrial North, primarily during and after World War I, seeking job opportunities and escaping racial discrimination.

Harlem Renaissance

Cultural and intellectual movement sparked by the Great Migration, leading to a burst of creativity among African American writers, musicians, and artists.

Red Summer Riots

Series of over thirty race riots across the U.S. in 1919, with the most violent occurring in Chicago, D.C., and Elaine, Arkansas.

Marcus Garvey

Prominent black nationalist who founded the Universal Negro Improvement Association (UNIA) and advocated for a black-governed nation.

Volstead Act

Law passed in 1919 to enforce Prohibition (Eighteenth Amendment), leading to the rise of illegal bars known as speakeasies.

F. Scott Fitzgerald

Author known for depicting the Jazz Age in works like "This Side of Paradise" and "The Great Gatsby."

Teapot Dome & Elk Hills scandals

Scandals during President Harding's administration involving the illegal leasing of oil reserves, leading to convictions and prison sentences.

Fordney-McCumber Tariff

Tariff law passed in 1922 that raised tariffs to protect American industries, impacting international trade and contributing to economic tensions.

Movie Code

Regulated morally inappropriate actions in films from 1930 to 1966. Often referred to as the Hays Code.

Ernest Hemingway

Member of the Lost Generation, known for his stance that one must respond with grace under pressure.

Sinclair Lewis

Attacked aspects of American life including religion and materialism.

Willa Cather

Wrote strong female leads and discussed mechanization.

Frank Lloyd Wright

Sought to establish an American organic architecture.

Washington Disarmament Conference (1921-1922)

Secretary of State Hughes proposed end to global naval arms race. Also passed the Five Power and Four Power treaties.

The Five Power Treaty

Set limits on navy size for (US, Britain, Japan, Italy, and France) and agreed to halt battleship production for a decade. Britain and US agreed to not fortify far-East possessions.

The Four Power Treaty

Obligated US, Britain, Japan, and France to respect other’s territory and resolve issues via negotiation.

The Kellogg-Briand Pact

Also called the Pact of Paris, an agreement in 1928 where US and 61 others renounced war but it could not be enforced.

The McNary-Haugen Bill

(1924-1928) Called for US government to buy surplus crops at prices above world market rate. This was vetoed by Coolidge every time it passed Congress.

Dawes Plan

Implemented in 1924, US loaned money to Germany so they could pay their reparations.