Nanotechnology Processes and Characterization

Flashcards focusing on key concepts and techniques related to nanotechnology, including synthesis methods and characterization techniques.

What are the two main approaches in nanoparticle synthesis?

Bottom-up and top-down approaches.

What is the 'bottom-up' approach in nanotechnology?

The fabrication of nanoscale materials by assembling atoms and molecules.

What is the 'top-down' approach in nanotechnology?

The creation of nanoscale materials by fragmenting larger materials into smaller nanoparticles.

List one advantage of the bottom-up approach.

Allows for the preparation of ultrafine nanoparticles with narrow size distribution.

What is a disadvantage of the top-down approach?

Produces a broad size distribution and particle geometry can vary.

Define Metal Organic Frameworks (MOF).

MOFs are materials that can be used for various applications, such as extracting minerals and gas storage.

How do MOFs extract lithium from seawater?

They are modified with selective pores to extract lithium ions while separating them from other ions like sodium and potassium.

What is the precipitation process in particle production?

It is a method focused on synthesizing nanoscale materials rapidly but may not ensure uniformity in shape and size.

What are some applications of membrane technology in the medical field?

Hemodialyzer, membrane blood oxygenator, artificial pancreas with hollow fiber system.

Name a disadvantage of polymeric membranes.

They are susceptible to fouling and scaling.

What is one method of membrane fabrication?

Sintering, which compacts small particles at high temperatures without melting.

What does UV-Vis spectroscopy analyze?

It analyzes the absorption of UV and visible light by materials to understand electronic transitions.

What principle does X-Ray diffraction (XRD) rely on?

It relies on the diffraction of X-rays by atomic planes in crystalline materials.

What are the two types of electrons used in electron microscopy?

Secondary electrons for SEM and transmitted electrons for TEM.