Animal that has for at least one stage of its life, a dorsal, hollow nerve cord, a notochord, a tail that extends beyond the anus, and pharyngeal pouches
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notochord
Long supporting rod that runs through a chordate's body just below the nerve cord
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radial symmetry
Body plan in which any number of imaginary planes drawn through the center of the body could divided it into equal halves
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bilateral symmetry
Body plan in which a single imaginary line can divide the body into left and right sides that are mirror images of each other
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endoderm
Innermost germ layer; develops into the linings of the digestive tract and much of the respiratory system
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mesoderm
Middle germ layer; develops into muscles, and much of the circulatory, reproductive, and excretory systems
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ectoderm
Outermost germ layer; produces sense organs, nerves, and outer layer of skin
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coelom
Body cavity lined with mesoderm
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pseudocoelom
Body cavity, which is only partially lined with mesoderm
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acoelomate
Absence of or without a body cavity; lack a coelom between the body wall and digestive cavity
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segmentation
Body is divided into numerous repeated parts or segments
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blastula
A hollow ball of cells that develops when a zygote undergoes a series of cell divisions
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protostome
An animal whose mouth is formed from the blastopore
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deuterstome
An animal whose anus is formed from the blastopore, and the mouth is formed from a second opening that develops
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cephalization
Concentration of sense organs and nerve cells at the anterior end of an animal
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intracellular digestion
Type of digestion in which food is digested in specialized cells that pass nutrients to other cells by diffusion
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extracellular digestion
Type of digestion in which food is broken down outside the cells in a digestive system and then absorbed
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gastrovascular cavity
Digestive chamber with a single opening
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digestive tract
Tube that begins at the mouth and ends at the anus
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alveoli
Tiny air sacs at the end of a bronchiole in the lungs that provide surface area for gas exchange to occur
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open circulatory system
Type of circulatory system in which blood in only partially contained within a system of blood vessels as it travels through the body
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closed circulatory system
Type of circulatory system in which blood circulates entirely within blood vessels that enters throughout the body
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excretion
Process by which metabolic wastes are eliminated from the body
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nephridia
Excretory structure of an annelid that filter body fluid
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Malphigian tubules
Structure in most terrestrial arthropods that concentrates the uric acid and adds it to digestive wastes
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neuron
Nerve cell; specialized for carrying messages throughout the nervous system
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stimulus
Signal to which an organisms responds
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response
Specific reaction to a stimulus
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ganlgia
A group of interneurons
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cerebrum
Part of the brain responsible for voluntary activities of the body; "thinking" region of the brain
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cerebellum
Part of the brain that coordinates movement and controls balance
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hydrostatic skeleton
Skeleton made of fluid-filled body segments that work with muscles to allow the animal to move
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water vascular system
A hydraulic system composed of canals connecting numerous tube feet used by echinoderms for locomotion, food and waste transportation, and respiration
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exoskeleton
External skeleton; tough external covering that protects the body of many invertebrates
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endoskeleton
Internal skeleton; structural support system within the body of an animal
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metamorphosis
Process of changes in shape and form of larva into an adult
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amniotic egg
Egg composed of shell and membranes that creates a protected environment in which the embryo can develop out of water
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homeostasis
Relatively constant internal physical and chemical conditions that organisms maintain
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endotherm
Animal whose body temperature is regulated, at least in part, using heat generates within the body
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ectotherm
Animal whose body temperature is determined but the temperature of its environment
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mammal
Animals that have mammary glands that produce milk in females to nourish young, body hair, and breathe air, have a four-chambered heart, and regulate their internal body temperature
Studied by 4 people
