PHA6117 LEC: Resins

Resins

are solid or semi-solid amorphous products derived from living natural resources and most are plant products.

Shellac

With the exception of the _ which is an insect secretion.

Resins

physically, are brittle, amorphous, hard transparent or translucent products

Resins

Products of volatile oil oxidation

insoluble

Resins are usually _ in petroleum spirit

more or less completely

Resins dissolve _ in alcohol, chloroform and ether

soften and finally melt

Resins upon heating,

pleasant

Reins have _ odor and are used in perfumery (especially balsams)

benzoin

solo resins

schizogenous or lysigenous

Reins are contained special passages or tubes called the _ ducts (resin ducts)

Resins

Can be found in other portions

Resins

Yield is usually increased by injury 

Sometimes even, not produced until it has been injured

Use of alcohol

ISOLATION OF RESINS

• Jalap

• Podophyllotoxin

Distillation

ISOLATION OF RESINS

• Copaiba

• Turpentine

Punctures

ISOLATION OF RESINS

Mastic

Resin acids

Contain oxyacids, and form metallic salts known as resinates;

Resin acids

Used in soaps and varnishes

Resin acids

• Examples:

  • Abietic acid in rosin

  • Commiphoric acid in myrrh

  • Copaivic acid in copaiba

Resin alcohols

Occur in free state and ester forms

Resin phenols

which are known as the resinotannols.

Aloe

Aloeresinotannol

Balsams

Peruresinotannol and toluresinotannol

Benzoins

Siaresinotannol and sumaresinotannol

Resenes

Neutral

Resenes

Do not form salts

Glycoresins

Contain sugars

Glycoresins

• Example:

  • Jalap

Resins

Mastic, jalap, guaiac, cannabis, kava, eriodictyon, etc.

oleo

Note that “_-” here means VOLATILE oils (not fixed)

Oleoresin

Capsicum, ginger, copaiba

Gum Resins

Gamboge

Oleogum Resins

Myrrh, frankincense, asafetida

Balsams

• Contain balsamic acids (major: benzoic and cinnamic acids)

Balsams

Peruvian balsam, tolu balsam, benzoin, storax

oleoresins

• Despite their names, Canada turpentine and Balsam of Copaiba are NOT balsams (they are _)

Latex

Consists of polyisoprenes

Latex

Rubber, gutta perca, chico

ROSIN/COLOPHONY

Scientific Name

Pinus palustris

ROSIN/COLOPHONY

Family

Pinaceae

ROSIN/COLOPHONY

Note		Light amber is fine grade, while darker colors of lesser quality

ROSIN/COLOPHONY

Constituents

Abietic acid

ROSIN/COLOPHONY

Use		For adhesive plasters, ointments, paper, adhesives, inks, rubber, linoleum, thermoplastic floor tiles and surface coating

Before distillation

ROSIN/COLOPHONY

resin contains large amounts of (+) and (-) pimaric acids

During distillation

ROSIN/COLOPHONY

• the (+)-pimaric acid stays as is but the (-) isomer becomes abietic acid

JALAP

Scientific Name

Exogonium purge (now Ipomoea purga)

JALAP

Family

Convolvulaceae

JALAP

Constituents

Convolvulin, exogonic acid, ipurganol

JALAP

Use		Used as cathartic, hydragogue, and purgative

Orizaba

Ipomoea orizabensis

Orizaba

Contains jalapinolic acid, orizabins

Sweet potato

Ipomoea batatas

Sweet potato

Contains simonins

Scammony

Convolvulus scammonia

Scammony

Contains scammonins

MAYAPPLE

Synonyms

American mandrake

MAYAPPLE

Scientific Name

Podophyllum peltatum

MAYAPPLE

Family

Berberidaceae

MAYAPPLE

Constituents

The lignan podophyllotoxin, peltatin

Peltatin

purgative

Podophyllotoxin

is antimitotic for papillomas

inactive

• The cis form of podophyllotoxin (picropodophyllin) is _

Derivatives

_ in clinical use include etoposide and teniposide

MASTIC

Synonyms

Resina almaciaga

MASTIC

Scientific Name

Pistacia lentiscus

MASTIC

Family

Anacardiaceae

MASTIC

Constituents

Pinenes, camphene, masticin (α-resin), mastichic acid (β-resin)

MASTIC

Used back then as breath sweetener by oriental women

MASTIC

Used as dental varnish to seal cavities

MASTIC

Protective agent for stomach

MASTIC

Microscopical mountant (as compound mastic paint)

MARIJUANA

Synonyms

Indian hemp, hashish, pot

MARIJUANA

Scientific Name

Cannabis sativa

MARIJUANA

Family

Moraceae

MARIJUANA

Constituents

Cannabinols (most active – THC)

Drug type

THC-dominant, psychoactive

Hemp type

Cannabidiol-dominant, used for ropes

Dronabinol

THC analog for treatment of nausea

Cannabidiol

It is a cannabinoid used to prevent epileptic seizure.

MARIJUANA

Used for paints and soap (seed)

Cannabidiol

Tetrahydrocannabinol

YERBA SANTA

Scientific Name

Eriodictyon californicum

YERBA SANTA

Family

Hydrophyllaceae

YERBA SANTA

Constituents

Eriodictyol

YERBA SANTA

Mask taste of bitter and disagreeable medicines (ex. quinine)

YERBA SANTA

American Indians smoked or chewed the leaves for asthma

LAC

Source

Secretions of the insect Karria lacca on twigs

LAC

Family

Kerriidae

LAC

Constituents

Shellac (70-85% resin), laccaic acid (RED color)

LAC

Use	Varnishes, polishes, sealing wax, enteric tablet coating

KAVA-KAVA

Scientific Name

Piper methysticum

KAVA-KAVA

Family

Piperaceae

KAVA-KAVA

Constituents

Yangonin, kawain, methysticin

KAVA-KAVA

Use	Skeletal muscle relaxant, tranquilizer, local anesthetic

GUAIACUM RESIN

Scientific Name

Guaiacum officinale, G. sanctum

GUAIACUM RESIN

Family

Zygophyllaceae

GUAIACUM RESIN

Constituents

Guaiaretic acid

GUAIACUM RESIN

Use	For chronic rheumatic conditions

GUAIACUM RESIN

Note	Differentiated from rosin by the cupric acetate test

OLEORESINS

are homogeneous mixtures of resin and volatile oils. It depends on the relative amount of volatile oils in the mixture