Anatomy & Physiology Blood Test

What are the 4 components of blood?

Red blood cells, white blood cells, plasma, and platelets

What is the function of red blood cells?

carries oxygen from the lungs throughout the body and carbon dioxide back to the lungs

What is the function of white blood cells?

fights infections and diseases by identifying, attacking, and removing

What is the function of plasma?

carries red/white blood cells and others, while regulating blood pressure, pH, and temperature,

What is the function of platelets?

stops bleeding by forming blood clots

What is the process of clotting blood called?

coagulation

What is the first step of coagulation?

vasoconstriction; injured vessel narrows to reduce blood flow

What is the second step of coagulation?

platelet plug formation; platelets stick together at site to form a temporary plug

What is the third step of coagulation?

clotting cascade; clotting factors activate in a chain reaction, converting soluble fibrinogen into insoluble fibrogen

What is the fourth step of coagulation?

fibrin mesh; fibrin strands form a mesh, strengthening the platelet plug into a stable clot that seals the wound

What blood type is the universal donor?

O

What blood type is the universal recipient?

AB

What is the normal number of cells in blood?

red: 57, white: 3, plasma: 15

What are the two white blood cell types in the AGRANULOCYTES?

lymphocyte and monocyte

What are the three white blood cell types in the GRANULOCYTES?

neutrophil, basophil, and eosinophil

What are antigens?

foreign substances that trigger the immune system

What are antibodies?

proteins produced by the immune system to recognize and neutralize antigens

What antigens are present in each blood type?

same as blood type

What antibodies are present in each blood type?

A: B, B: A, AB: none, O: A, B