Ways of the World Strayer Chapter 18 TEST

1.Which of the following best characterizes past explanations for Europe's Industrial Revolution?

a. Europeans were just lucky to industrialize first.

b. Europeans stole innovations from other societies.

c. Unique features of European society, economy, or history gave it a long-term advantage and head-start in industrializing.

d. More adequate rainfall encouraged economic and industrial development

C

Which of the following arguments serves to counter the notion that European culture is inherently more suited to industry and technology?

a. Until about 1750, core areas of Europe, India, and China enjoyed similar levels of economic development.

b. Europeans make up only a small percentage of the world's population.

c. Non-European civilizations have been able to provide other valuable contributions to World History, for example, in terms of music or cuisine.

d. Europeans today lag far behind the United States in terms of industry and technology.

A

How did contact with other civilizations contribute to Europe's Industrial Revolution?

a. It awakened a desire to keep all foreign influence out of Europe.

b. It encouraged Europeans to radically reform their culture.

c. It enabled Europe to draw disproportionately on the world's resources.

d. It did not contribute at all; Europeans did not need anything from other civilizations to industrialize.

C

Which of the following was NOT a reason Britain industrialized first?

a. Enclosed agricultural land

b. Rich deposits of iron and coal

c. Numerous available publications on advances in science and technology

d. Absolute royal authority

D

Which of the following best describes the changes in British society as a result of the Industrial Revolution?

a. It slowly, almost imperceptibly, changed life for most Britons.

b. It created tremendous wealth for almost everyone in Britain.

c. Other than their jobs, life did not change at all for Britons.

d. It created tremendous upheaval in all areas of life, the positives and negatives of which are still being debated.

D

Which of the following best describes the fate of the British aristocracy as a result of the Industrial Revolution?

a. Their importance and wealth declined, though they clung to position in the colonial empire.

b. They remained the wealthiest and most powerful members of British society.

c. They were violently overthrown by the middle classes.

d. They voluntarily gave up their titles of nobility and quietly blended into the middle classes.

A

What role did women in middle class British families play during the era of the Industrial Revolution?

a. They were expected to work jobs to support the family.

b. They were expected to be homemakers and moral educators.

c. They were allowed to focus purely on pleasing themselves.

d. They were expected to make or sew all the items in the house themselves.

B

What was the relationship between the laboring and the middle classes in nineteenth-century Britain?

a. They lived and worked alongside each other.

b. They were on friendly terms with each other.

c. There was no distinction—one class simply blended into another.

d. They were like "two separate nations" who were ignorant of each other's ways.

D

What was the initial attitude of the British upper classes to the creation and legalization of labor unions?

a. They were terrified of unions.

b. They enthusiastically supported unions.

c. They were indifferent towards unions.

d. They did not know of the existence of unions.

A

What actual development in Britain's class structure differed from Karl Marx's prediction?

a. Increasing polarization between rich and poor

b. Sudden increase in the wealth of the working class

c. Existence of a lower middle class

d. Sudden desire of the rich to give their money away to the poor

C

Which of the following did NOT help improve working and living conditions for the working class in Britain in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries?

a. Right to vote for working class men

b. Cheap imported food

c. Sanitary reform in the cities

d. Wholehearted embrace of revolutionary Marxism

D

Which of the following best describes the comparison between the Industrial Revolution in Britain and the Industrial Revolution as it unfolded in other lands across the globe?

a. It happened exactly in other countries as it happened in Britain.

b. It bore no resemblance in other countries to what happened in Britain.

c. The basic social outcomes were similar in Britain and other industrialized countries, but important differences also characterized how the process unfolded.

d. Only Russia and the United States had similar Industrial Revolutions to Britain; every other country was totally different.

C

What role did the U.S. government play in the United States's explosive industrial growth?

a. It tried as hard as it could to stop it, but failed.

b. The government played little to no role in industrialization in the United States.

c. It helped in ways less direct than in other countries such as Japan and Germany.

d. It carefully planned and saw through each stage of industrialization.

C

Which of the following helps explain why the United States did not develop a major Marxist or Socialist movement as other industrializing countries did?

a. Religious, ethnic, and racial diversity of American workers prevented class solidarity.

b. Most workers were illiterate in America and could not read Karl Marx.

c. Marxism was illegal in the United States.

d. The United States was already a socialist country, and its workers had little need for a political ideology like Marxism.

A

Which of the following best describes the way change had historically occurred in Russian history up to and including industrialization?

a. It bubbled up from below.

b. It occurred only through the Russian Orthodox Church.

c. It was a country in a state of constant change and flux.

d. Change was initiated from above, usually by Tsars.

D

What result did the failed 1905 revolution in Russia have on Tsar Nicholas II's actions?

a. He remained in power, stronger than before.

b. He attempted half-hearted and ultimately ineffective reforms.

c. He introduced sweeping reforms to improve life for Russia's workers.

d. He stepped down from power, giving way for a democratic revolution.

B

From where did the Russian communist revolutionaries, such as Lenin, who took power in Russia in 1917, emerge?

a. The ranks of the rural peasantry

b. The aristocracy

c. The middle classes

d. The networks of revolutionary parties, mostly led by intellectuals, in the cities

D

What two major political factions were often found to have bitter rivalries in the newly independent Latin American countries in the nineteenth century?

a. Communists and socialists

b. Liberals and conservatives

c. Liberals and radicals

d. Loyalists and separatists

B

What was the main impact of industrialization in the late nineteenth century on Latin America?

a. Latin American countries exported much of the raw materials for other countries' industries.

b. Latin American countries underwent the same industrialization as Britain and the United States.

c. Industrialization meant that European and Asian countries no longer needed anything from Latin America.

d. Latin America was once again robbed of its natural resources by Eurasians and got nothing in return.

A

What was the impact of the Mexican Revolution (1911-1920) on the rest of Latin America?

a. It swept through Latin America replacing dictatorship with democracy.

b. It transformed Mexico, but was not duplicated elsewhere in Latin America.

c. Other Latin American countries reacted with hostility to it and invaded Mexico.

d. It led Latin American countries to be less dependent on the economies of the world's industrial powers.

B