3.1 nutrition

list the macronutrients

• carbohydrates

• lipids

• protein

• water

list the micronutrients

• vitamins

• minerals

carbohydrates function

energy source: quicker than protein or fat

lipids functions (5)

• source of energy

• assist in the transport of fat-soluble vitamins

• protection of vital organs and insulation

• healing processes and cell building

• brain and nerve function

protein functions (5)

• growth (muscle, bone, skin and cells)

• repair

• enzymes (make enzymes)

• protection

• energy (last resort)

water functions (3)

• medium for chemical reactions essential to life

• transport of nutrients, waste, hormones

• thermo-regulation, sweat, take heat to extremities

vitamin functions (3)

• growth

• development

• metabolism

mineral functions

• muscle contractions

• fluid balance

• energy systems

chemical composition of a glucose molecule

• carbon, hydrogen, oxygen

• 6:12:6

composition of triacylglycerol/triglycerides

one glycerol and three fatty acids

saturated fatty acid

• no double bonds between individual carbon atoms and fatty acid chain

• originate from animal sources and tropical oils

unsaturated fatty acids

• contain one or more double bonds between carbon atoms within fatty acid chain

• originate from plant-based foods

monounsaturated fatty acids (mufa)

• a single double bond in carbon in the chain

• lowers LDL

• leaves HDL

• liquid at room temp

polyunsaturated fatty acids (pufa)

• multiple double bonds

• lowers both LDL and HDL

• liquid at room temp

essential amino acid

• cant be synthesised by the human body

• must be obtained from diet

non-essential amino acid

can be synthesised by the human body

energy content per 100g of carbohydrates

1760kj

energy content per 100g of lipid

4000kj

energy content per 100g of protein

1720kj