Lipids building blocks V and VI

What are some biological functions of lipids

main storage of energy

structure

insulation from environment

protection of organs

what are the main components of fatty acids

fatty component- hydrocarbon chain

acid component- carboxyl group

what are saturated fatty acids

fatty acids with no double bonds in the hydrocarbon chain

what are monounsaturated fatty acids

fatty acids with one double bond in the hydrocarbon chain

what are chylomicrons

tiny fatty droplets composed of triglycerides, small amounts of phospholipids, cholesterol, free fatty acids, and some protein.

what is lipogenesis

the synthesis of fatty acids and triglycerides from excess glucose

how are fatty acids metabolised

by beta-oxidation

How do fatty acids enter the mitochondria (as they cannot cross the double membrane)?

the FA binds to CoA to form fatty acyl CoA

CoA is exchanged for carnitine to form acyl carnitine

the acyl carnitine is translocated by facilitated by diffusion with unbound carnitine

carnitine on acyl carnitine exchanged for CoA

what is ketogenesis

converting fatty acids to a ketone body

what is the function of cholesterol in the plasma membrane

aids with structural support

what are the 4 components of glycerophospholipids

2 fatty acids

glycerol

phosphate

polar head group

what is a sphingolipid

is contains a fatty acid linked to sphyngosine

what is the function of sphyngolipids

they are found in the myelin sheath and play a role in action potential transduction

what vitamins are fat soluble

A, D, E, K

what vitamins are water soluble

B and C

what is the role of vitamin D

it is necessary for calcium absorption from the small intestine

what is the role of vitamin A

visual pigments

what is the role of vitamin E

antioxidant activity

what is the role of vitamin K

blood clotting