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Wine
an alcoholic beverage made only from fermented grapes.
Viticulture
The cultivation and harvesting of grapes
Vineyard
An area of land where grapes are grown for making wines.
Vinification
The complete wine production process from grape selection through bottling.
Winery
The place where wine is produced.
Oenology
The branch of science dealing with wine and winemaking.
Filtration
Wine passes through filter material
removes large particles while allowing liquid through
Fining
Agents bind with unwanted molecules (colloids)
common agents: gelatine, isinglass, egg whites, casein, bentonite, carbon
Bound particles precipitate to bottom
Racking
Moving wine between containers using gravity (not pumps) to remove sediments
Aging
Reactions that improve wine flavor
Maturation
Changes after fermentation before bottling
Oak barrels
preferred for oxygen exposure and flavor development
Stainless steel tanks
common for white wines
Ceramic tanks
alternative option
Bottle aging
Direct bottling after clarification
Aging Factors
Time period depends on grape variety, wine style, winemaker preferences
Quality Control
Wine cellar storage for aging wines; Periodic lab tests monitor aging progress; Winemaker can adjust if results don’t meet expectations
Final Packaging
Bottled with screw cap or cork; Numerous techniques and choices throughout process create varied end results