Shape of s-orbitals
Spherical
Shape of p-orbitals
Dumbbell shaped
Atomic orbitals
A regional around the nucleus that can hold up to two electrons, with opposite spins
Ionic bonding
Electrostatic attraction between positive and negative ions
Covalent bonding
Strong electrostatic attraction between a shared pair of electrons and the nuclei of the bonded atoms
Average bond enthalpy
A measurement of covalent bond strength
Electronegativity
The ability of an atom to attract the bonding electrons in a covalent bond