CGSC350 Owens Ch1: The Field, the Professionals and the Clients

What is communication

the active process of exchanging information and ideas, includes expression and understanding (aka reception)

what are communication disorders

• a difficulty in one or more of the following areas:

  • Receive

  • Send 

  • Process

  • Comprehend

what is a speech disorder

a breakdown in ability to send/transmit the message

what can speech disorders induce

• Atypical production of speech sounds

• Interruption in the flow of speaking

• Abnormal production and/or absence of voice quality

what is a language disorder

an impairment in comprehension and/or use of spoken, written, and/or other symbol systems

what is a hearing disorder

a breakdown in the ability to receive the message

what do hearing disorders result from

impaired sensitivity of the auditory system

what is dysphagia

disordered swallowing

what are some examples of disorders that cause feeding and swallowing problems in pediatrics

cleft palate, cerebral palsy, prematurity, sensory feeding issues

what are some examples of disorders that cause feeding and swallowing problems in adults

stroke, Parkinson’s disease, surgery/trauma

what is the American Speech-Language-Hearing Association (ASHA)

The primary national professional, scientific, and credentialing organization for audiologists, speech-language pathologists, and hearing or language scientists in the United States

what do SLPs do

work to prevent, assess, diagnose, and treat speech, language, social communication, cognitive-communication, and swallowing disorders in children and adults

what is required to be an SLP

• Clinicians complete the following:

  • Masters Degree (or doctoral degree in some cases): 2-3 years

  • 400 hours of supervised clinical experience (in graduate school)

  • Pass a national qualifying exam (PRAXIS)

  • Clinical Fellowship Year (9 months)

• Generally have ASHA CCCS

• CF-SLP (provisional license) → CCC-SLP (full licensure)

  • State licensure and ASHA certification required

what does an SLPA do

can administer therapy under an SLP’s direction but cannot diagnose a disorder, give evaluations or provide intervention independently

what is the Speech Therapy Scope of Practice: “Big 9” (ASHA)

• Articulation

• Fluency

• Voice and resonance

• Receptive and expressive language

• Hearing

• Swallowing

• Cognitive assessments of communication

• Social aspects of communication

• Communication modalities

what do audiologists do

• Identify, assess, and manage disorders of auditory, balance and other neural systems

  • Includes auditory processing disorders

  • May dispense hearing aids

what is required to become an audiologist

• Entry level credential is doctorate degree (Au.D.) – 3-5 year program

  • AuD, PhD, or EdD in audiology

  • 1,820 supervised clinical hours

  • State licensure is required

  • ASHA CCC-A

what do speech, hearing and language scientists do

• Extend knowledge of human communication processes and disorders

• Usually have doctorate degrees (PhD or SLP-D)

• May work clinically

what does prevalence mean

number or percentage of people within a population who have a disorder at a point in time

what does incidence mean

number of new cases in a time period

what percent of the US population has a communication disorder

17

what percent of the US population has hearing loss

11

Each year, nearly ___ of American children aged 3-17 has a disorder related to voice, speech, language or swallowing

1 in 12 (7.7%)

what percent of children born in the US have an existing disability condition

2

what do developmental disabilities warrant

early intervention services

what occurs more often than any other physical problem

hearing loss

what are infants screened for

hearing loss

what is clinical decision based on

evidence based practice:

• Scientific evidence

• Clinical experience

• Client needs/values