Energy (bio test 3)

Energy

the capacity to do work/cause change

kinetic energy

the energy of motion

potential energy

• energy stored in the location of structure of matter

• this energy can be converted into motion or other forms

1st law of thermodynamics

energy can be transferred or transformed, but cannot be created or destroyed

2nd law of thermodynamics

 energy transfers or transformations increase disorder, or entropy, with some energy being lost as heat

entropy

• increase in disorder

• some energy being lost as heat

endergonic reactions

require energy; products with higher potential energy

exergonic reactions

release energy; products with lower potential energy

comparison of photosynthesis and cellular respiration

• opposite reactions

• photosynthesis - energy is required (through sunlight, light energy)

• cellular respiration - energy is produced

cellular respiration is an example of:

an exergonic reaction

photosynthesis is an example of:

an endergonic reaction

How does ATP produce energy?

• 3 negatively charged phosphates (triphosphate) that repel each other ➡ very unstable because it requires a lot of energy to repel ➡ easily broken

• a phosphate is broken off by hydrolysis (the addition of water)

• ATP (adenosine triphosphate) ➡ ADP (adenosine diphosphate) and P (phosphate)

• this process releases energy (when ADP and P)

• (ENDERGONIC)

transport work

mechanical work

chemical work

chemical energy

• potential energy available for release in chemical reactions

• potential energy stored in chemical bonds that cells can transform to do work

thermal energy

• a form of kinetic energy associated with the random movement of atoms or molecules

• kinetic energy transferred from one object to another

light energy

kinetic energy harnessed to power photosynthesis

cellular respiration

the metabolic process cells use to convert nutrients — primarily glucose — into ATP