Zoology: Phylum Chordata and its Classifications

Practice flashcards covering the characteristics of Phylum Chordata, its subphyla (Urochordata, Cephalochordata, Vertebrata), and distinct classes including Cyclostomata, Chondrichthyes, Osteichthyes, Amphibia, Reptilia, Aves, and Mammalia.

Phylum Chordata is recognized as the __________ largest phylum in the kingdom Animalia.

Third

The four principal characters of Phylum Chordata are the Notochord, Hollow Tubular Nerve Cord, Post anal tail, and __________.

Gill slits or Pharyngeal gill Slits

In chordates, the central nervous system is dorsal, hollow, and single, whereas in non-chordates, it is __________, __________, and __________.

ventral, Solid and double

The circulatory system in Chordata is of the closed type, except in the sub-phylum __________.

uro Chordata or Tunicata

In sub-phylum Urochordata, the Notochord is present only in the __________(tail) and is absent in the adult stage.

Larva

The phenomenon where the larva has a notochord but the adult does not is called __________.

Retrogressive metamorphia's

Sub-phylum Urochordata is also known as Tunicata because its body is covered by a cellulose-like material called __________.

Tucin

In sub-phylum Cephalochordata, the Notochord extends from the __________ region and is persistent throughout life.

head to tail

The organisms Urochordata and Cephalochordata are together referred to as __________ or Non-vertebrates.

Protochordates

In vertebrates, the notochord is replaced in adults by a __________ or bony vertebral column.

Cartilaginous

Fishes have a ventral muscular heart with __________ chambers.

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Amphibians and most reptiles have a heart with __________ chambers.

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Crocodiles, birds, and mammals possess a __________ chambered heart.

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All living members of Class Cyclostomata are __________ on some fishes.

ecto Parasites

Cyclostomes have an elongated body with __________ pairs of gill slits for respiration, totaling __________ gills.

$6-15$; $12-30$

The migration of Cyclostomes from marine water to fresh water for spawning is called __________.

Anadromous migration

After spawning, adult Cyclostomes die, and their larva, called __________, return to the ocean following metamorphosis.

Amo Coet larva

Class Chondrichthyes represents __________ fishes with streamlined bodies and persistent notochords.

Cartilagenous

The skin of cartilaginous fishes is tough and contains minute __________ scales.

Placoid

Chondrichthyes must swim constantly to avoid sinking because they lack an __________.

air bladder

In male Chondrichthyes, the pelvic fins bear __________ which are useful for internal fertilization.

Clasfers

The study of fishes is formally called __________.

Ichthyology

Class Osteichthyes includes bony fishes with skin covered by __________ or __________ scales.

Cycloid; ctenoid

The term __________ indicates a dual mode of life, where organisms can live on both land and in water.

Amphibia

In amphibians, the __________ represents the ear and receives sound vibrations.

Tympanum

In amphibians, the Alimentary Canal, Kidneys, and Reproductive system all open into a common chamber called the __________.

Cloaca

Organisms that lack the capacity to regulate their body temperature are known as cold-blooded or __________ animals.

Poikilothermic

The name Class Reptilia refers to their __________ or __________ mode of locomotion.

creeping; Crawling

Reptiles have a body covered by dry and cornified skin with epidermal scales or scutes, and their eggs have a __________ shell.

Calcareou

The characteristic feature of Class Aves is the presence of __________.

feathers

In birds, the skin is dry without glands except for the oil glands, also known as __________ or __________ glands, located at the base of the tail.

Preen gland; uro phaygeal glands

Birds possess long, hollow bones with air cavities called __________ bones which are useful for flying.

Pneumatic

The digestive system of birds contains two additional chambers: the __________ for food storage and the __________ for grinding food.

Crop; gizzard

In birds, the larynx is absent, and the voice is produced by the __________.

synrx

The most unique mammalian characteristic is the presence of milk-producing glands called __________ glands.

mammary

Mammals have an ear divided into three parts: external (pinna), middle (Eardrum), and internal, involving ossicles named __________, __________, and __________.

Mallas, incus, stapes

While most mammals are viviparous, the __________ (Platypus) is a unique example of an oviparous mammal.

Ornithorhynchus