AP Psychology Important People

0.0(0)
studied byStudied by 4 people
GameKnowt Play
learnLearn
examPractice Test
spaced repetitionSpaced Repetition
heart puzzleMatch
flashcardsFlashcards
Card Sorting

1/46

flashcard set

Earn XP

Description and Tags

11th

Study Analytics
Name
Mastery
Learn
Test
Matching
Spaced

No study sessions yet.

47 Terms

1
New cards

Sigmund Freud

Psychoanalytic, personality

id/ego/superego, reality and pleasure principles, ego ideal, defense mechanisms, psychoanalysis, transference

<p>Psychoanalytic, personality</p><p>id/ego/superego, reality and pleasure principles, ego ideal, defense mechanisms, psychoanalysis, transference</p>
2
New cards

Carl Jung

Conscious and unconscious awareness; archetypes; collective unconscious; libido is all types of energy, not just sexual; Studies: dream studies/interpretation

<p>Conscious and unconscious awareness; archetypes; collective unconscious; libido is all types of energy, not just sexual; Studies: dream studies/interpretation</p>
3
New cards

Erik Erikson

Humanistic

8-stage theory to show how people evolve through the life span (confronting "Who am I?")

<p>Humanistic</p><p>8-stage theory to show how people evolve through the life span (confronting "Who am I?")</p>
4
New cards

Lawrence Köhlberg

Moral development

Theory of moral development that has 3 levels, moral reasoning rather than overt behavior

<p>Moral development</p><p>Theory of moral development that has 3 levels, moral reasoning rather than overt behavior</p>
5
New cards

Carol Gilligan

Cognition

Observing boys and overlooked potential differences between the habitual moral judgments of boys and girls; girls focus more on relationships than laws and principles

<p>Cognition</p><p>Observing boys and overlooked potential differences between the habitual moral judgments of boys and girls; girls focus more on relationships than laws and principles</p>
6
New cards

William James

Functionalism

<p>Functionalism</p>
7
New cards

William Wundt

Sructuralism

Introspection, basic units of experience; 1st psychological laboratory in world at University of Leipzig

<p>Sructuralism</p><p>Introspection, basic units of experience; 1st psychological laboratory in world at University of Leipzig</p>
8
New cards

BF Skinner

Behavioral

Skinner box

<p>Behavioral</p><p>Skinner box</p>
9
New cards

John B Watson

Behaviorism

Little Albert

10
New cards

Jean Piaget

Cognition

4-stage theory of cognitive development → assimilation and accommodation

<p>Cognition</p><p>4-stage theory of cognitive development → assimilation and accommodation</p>
11
New cards

Harry Harlow

Development;

Touch is preferred in development, studied monkeys

<p>Development;</p><p>Touch is preferred in development, studied monkeys</p>
12
New cards

Carl Rogers

Humanistic

Person-centered therapy, unconditional positive regard

<p>Humanistic</p><p>Person-centered therapy, unconditional positive regard</p>
13
New cards

Abraham Maslow

Humanism

Hierarchy of needs-needs

<p>Humanism</p><p>Hierarchy of needs-needs </p>
14
New cards

Alfred Adler

Psychodynamic

Inferiority/superiority complexes, childhood influences personality formation

<p>Psychodynamic</p><p>Inferiority/superiority complexes, childhood influences personality formation</p>
15
New cards

Gordon Allport

Trait theory of personality

List of 11,000 traits, 3 levels of traits-cardinal, central, and secondary

<p>Trait theory of personality</p><p>List of 11,000 traits, 3 levels of traits-cardinal, central, and secondary</p>
16
New cards

Hermann Rorschach

Personality, psychoanalysis

inkblot test which consists of 10 standardized inkblots where the subject tells a story

<p>Personality, psychoanalysis</p><p>inkblot test which consists of 10 standardized inkblots where the subject tells a story</p>
17
New cards

Stanley Schachter

Stated that in order to experience emotions a person must be physically aroused and know the emotion before you experience it

<p>Stated that in order to experience emotions a person must be physically aroused and know the emotion before you experience it</p>
18
New cards

Stanley Milgram

Social psychology;

Obedience(wanted to see how far individuals would go to be obedient), Shock Study

<p>Social psychology;</p><p>Obedience(wanted to see how far individuals would go to be obedient), Shock Study</p>
19
New cards

Philip Zimbardo

Social psychology

Stanford Prison Study-studied power of social roles to influence people's behavior

<p>Social psychology</p><p>Stanford Prison Study-studied power of social roles to influence people's behavior</p>
20
New cards

Elizabeth Kübler-Ross

Development

5 stages the terminally ill go through when facing death (1. death, 2. anger/resentment, 3. bargaining with God, 4. depression, 5. acceptance)

21
New cards

Elizabeth Loftus

Memory

Eyewitness testimony (false memories or misinformation effect)

<p>Memory</p><p>Eyewitness testimony (false memories or misinformation effect)</p>
22
New cards

Albert Bandura

Sociocultural

Bobo Dolls-adults demonstrated 'appropriate' play with dolls, children mimicked play

<p>Sociocultural</p><p>Bobo Dolls-adults demonstrated 'appropriate' play with dolls, children mimicked play</p>
23
New cards

Edward Thorndike

Behaviorism;

Law of Effect-relationship between behavior and consequence (cats)

<p>Behaviorism; </p><p>Law of Effect-relationship between behavior and consequence (cats)</p>
24
New cards

Mary Ainsworth

Development

Attachment

<p>Development</p><p>Attachment </p>
25
New cards

Martin Seligman

Llearning

Positive Psychology, learned helplessness, Dogs demonstrating learned helplessness

<p>Llearning</p><p>Positive Psychology, learned helplessness, Dogs demonstrating learned helplessness</p>
26
New cards

Howard Gardner

Intelligence

theory of multiple intelligences (logical-mathematic, spatial, bodily-kinesthetic, intrapersonal, linguistic, musical, interpersonal, naturalistic)

<p>Intelligence</p><p>theory of multiple intelligences (logical-mathematic, spatial, bodily-kinesthetic, intrapersonal, linguistic, musical, interpersonal, naturalistic)</p>
27
New cards

Kurt Lewin

Social psychology

Leadership syles-studied effects of 3 leadership styles on children completing activities

<p>Social psychology</p><p>Leadership syles-studied effects of 3 leadership styles on children completing activities</p>
28
New cards

Ivan Pavlov

Foundation for classical conditioning, discovered that a UCS naturally elicits a reflexive behavior

dog salivation

<p>Foundation for classical conditioning, discovered that a UCS naturally elicits a reflexive behavior</p><p>dog salivation</p>
29
New cards

Hermann Ebbinghaus

Memory

Forgetting: first, a rapid loss followed by a gradual declining rate of loss

<p>Memory</p><p>Forgetting: first, a rapid loss followed by a gradual declining rate of loss</p>
30
New cards

Benjamin Whorf

Language

Language determines the way we think

<p>Language</p><p>Language determines the way we think</p>
31
New cards

David Rosenhan

Social psychology

Hospital experiment-checked into hospital to check diagnosis

<p>Social psychology</p><p>Hospital experiment-checked into hospital to check diagnosis</p>
32
New cards

Charles Spearman

Intelligence

mental talents were highly correlated, concluded that all cognitive abilities showed a common core which he labeled 'g' (general ability)

<p>Intelligence</p><p>mental talents were highly correlated, concluded that all cognitive abilities showed a common core which he labeled 'g' (general ability)</p>
33
New cards

Albert Ellis

Cognitive-behavioral

Rational-Emotive Therapy (RET) → altering client's patterns of irrational thinking to reduce maladaptive behavior and emotions

<p>Cognitive-behavioral</p><p>Rational-Emotive Therapy (RET) → altering client's patterns of irrational thinking to reduce maladaptive behavior and emotions</p>
34
New cards

Harry Stack Sullivan

Psychoanalysis

Self-System-a configuration of personality traits

<p>Psychoanalysis</p><p>Self-System-a configuration of personality traits</p>
35
New cards

Robert Yerkes

Intelligence

Social behavior of gorillas/chimps, Yerkes-Dodson law-level of arousal as related to performance

36
New cards

Alfred Binet

Testing

General IQ tests

<p>Testing</p><p>General IQ tests</p>
37
New cards

Little Albert

Behaviorism

Proved classical conditioning principles, Little Albert-generalization of fear

<p>Behaviorism</p><p>Proved classical conditioning principles, Little Albert-generalization of fear</p>
38
New cards

Ernst Weber

Perception

just-noticeable-difference (JND)

<p>Perception</p><p>just-noticeable-difference (JND) </p>
39
New cards

Henry Murray

Intelligence, testing

Devised the Thematic Apperception Test (TAT) → need to achieve varied in strength in different people and influenced their tendency to approach and evaluate their own performances

<p>Intelligence, testing</p><p>Devised the Thematic Apperception Test (TAT) → need to achieve varied in strength in different people and influenced their tendency to approach and evaluate their own performances</p>
40
New cards

Paul Ekman

Emotion

Facial expressions are universal

<p>Emotion</p><p>Facial expressions are universal</p>
41
New cards

Clark Hull

Motivation

Drive Reduction

<p>Motivation</p><p>Drive Reduction</p>
42
New cards

Charles Darwin

Geology, biology

evolution by common descent

<p>Geology, biology</p><p>evolution by common descent</p>
43
New cards

Phineas Gage

Neurobiology

1st person to have a frontal lobotomy (by accident), his accident gave information on the brain and which parts are involved with emotional reasoning

<p>Neurobiology</p><p>1st person to have a frontal lobotomy (by accident), his accident gave information on the brain and which parts are involved with emotional reasoning</p>
44
New cards

Margaret Flow Washburn

  • First female to earn PhD in Psych 

  • Second president of the APA 

45
New cards

Dorothea Dix

Activist on behalf of the severely mentally ill

46
New cards

Mary Whiton Calkins

  • First female to complete PhD at Harvard 

  • Denied degree because she was a woman 

  • First female president of the American Psychological Association (APA) 

47
New cards

G. Stanley Hall

Help founded the APA