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Chant
Unison unaccompanied song
Ethos
Moral and ethical character
Lyre
A plucked string instrument
Notation
The system for writing down music
Polyphony
Music containing two voices of independent melodies
Scholasticism
System of teaching during the Middle Ages based on Aristotle and Church authority
Heterophony
A melody of two voices simultaneously performed differently, like simple and embellished
Improvisation
Spontaneous creation of performed music
Rhythm
The arrangement of short and long durations in music
Aulos
Ancient Greek reed instrument
Kithara
Ancient Greek string instrument
Tetrachord
In Greek and Medieval theory, a scale of four notes spanning a fourth
Imitation
Repeating an altered melody in a different voice or part in music
Harmonia
The union of parts in an orderly whole
Chromatic
A melody that uses two or more successive semitones in one direction
Pythagorean intonation
A Medieval system of tuning notes in a scale
Musica mundana; humana; instrumentalis
Boethius’ concept of music in relation to the universe, the human, and the instrumental
Chant dialect
Repertories of chant including, Gregorian, Byzantine, Ambrosian, and Old Roman Chant
Liturgy
The sung texts and rituals of a religous service
Mass
An important church service including the ordinary chants
Psaltery
A plucked string instrument
Ambrosian chant
Ecclesiastical chant from Milan
Old Roman chant
Ecclesiastical chant of the 11th and 12th century from Rome
Monody
An accompanied solo song by one or more instruments
Plainchant/plainsong
A unison unaccompanied song, particularly liturgical
Monophonic
A single unaccompanied melody line
Art song
A song intended for artistic appreciation instead of entertainment
Church calendar
The schedule for special days and events following Christian tradition
Divine Office
A set of 8 prayers in the Roman Catholic Church celebrated every day at specific times
Psalm
A poem of praise to God
Antiphon
A liturgical chant that precedes a psalm or canticle
Canticle
Hymn or Psalm-like Bible passages that do not come from Psalms
Communion
5th prayer in the mass proper sung during communion
Gloria
second of five prayers in mass ordinary
Introit
First prayer in mass proper
Kyrie
first of five prayers in mass ordinary
Responsory
Responsorial chant
Byzantine chant
Ecclesiastical chant used in modern Greek Orthodox Church
Agnus Dei
The fifth prayer in the mass ordinary
Alleluia
Melismatic and responsorial style prayer; 3rd prayer of the mass proper
Credo
Third of the five prayers in the mass ordinary
Gradual
A melismatic and responsorial style prayer; Second prayer of the mass proper
Offertory
4th prayer in the mass proper
Mass Proper
Texts that are assigned to certain days of the church calendar
Sanctus
4th prayer from the mass ordinary
Mass Ordinary
Prayers of mass that remain the same
Gregorian chant
Ecclesiastical chant used in the Roman Catholic Church
Liturgical drama
Musical performance of a sacred topic
Recitation formula
The outline of a melody used for various texts
Responsorial
A chant where a soloist alternates with a group
Melismatic
A chant with multiple melismas
Neumatic
One to six notes sung per syllable in chant
Melisma
A long melodic passage sung to one syllable of text
Performance practice
Conventions of performance to different musical styles
Syllabic
One note sung to each syllable
Intonation
Melodic formula for singing psalms
Psalmody
The singing of Psalms
Reciting tone
Also called tenor, the second most important note in a mode
Strophic
An AAA form
Doxology
Praise to the Trinity in Gregorian Chant
Jubilus
An ellaborate melisma
Respond
The first part of a responsorial chant
Coloratura
Florid vocal ornamentation
Ornamentation
Adding embellishments to a melody
Sequence
Latin chant that follows the alleluia in mass
Trope
Melody and words added to an existing chant
Authentic mode
A mode where the range extends from a step below the finalis to an octave above
Finalis
The closing note of a chant in that mode
Plagal mode
A mode where the range extends from a fourth below the finalis to a fifth or sixth above
Mode
A scale or melody type
Hexachord
A set of six pitches ranging from Do to La
Natural hexachord
A set of six pitches starting on C
Hard hexachord
A set of six pitches starting on G
Soft hexachord
A set of six pitches starting on F
Neume
A notation of chant used to indicate a certain number of notes
Solmization
A method of assigning syllables to steps in a scale (Solfege)
Chanson de geste
A musical Medieval French epic recounting deeds of heroes
Goliard songs
Medieval Latin songs about wandering students and clerics
Jongleur
French Medieval musician or street entertainer
Minstrel
13th century traveling musicians show/entertainment
Chansonnier
Collection of French secular songs
Courtly love/Fine Amour
An idealized, unattainable love and admiration for a woman from a distance
Refrain
A recurring line and melody of text in a song
Trobairitz
A female troubadour
Troubadour
A 12th or 13th century poet/composer from Southern France
Trouvere
A 12th and 13th century poet/composer from Northern France
Bar form
An AA’ form
Abgesang
Part of a bar form
Minneleider
German love songs for a minnesinger
Minnesinger
A Medieval German poet/composer of love songs
Cantiga
Medieval song in Spanish or Portuguese
Counterpoint
The combo of two or more simultaneous lines according to a set of rules
Hymn
A song of praise to God in Christian tradition
Notre Dame polyphony
A French style of polyphony from the late 12th and 13th century
Organum
A style of polyphony with the addition of voices to an existing chant from the 9th-13th centuries
Mixed parallel and oblique organum
Early form of organum that helps to avoid tritones
Parallel organum
Type of polyphony where added voices sing a perfect fifth below
Organal voice
Voice that is added above or below original chant melody
Discant
12th century polyphony where upper voices have three notes per note of lower voice
Drone
Note(s) sustained through entire piece/section
Note 
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