ABSOLUTISM AND REVOLUTIONS GROUP CHALLENGE (Video Notes)

A comprehensive set of flashcards covering key figures, events, documents, and concepts from the lecture notes on Absolutism, Revolutions, and early constitutional governance.

What are the positive legacies of King Philip II of Spain according to the notes?

Defeated the Muslim Ottoman Empire, regained control of the Southern provinces.

What are the negative legacies of King Philip II of Spain according to the notes?

Lost northern provinces and was defeated by the English navy.

What are the positive legacies of Louis XIV of France according to the notes?

Appointed middle-class intendants; built the Palace of Versailles; expanded trade; supported the arts.

What are the negative legacies of Louis XIV of France according to the notes?

Persecuted the Huguenots, causing them to flee the country and lose skilled workers.

Why is the English Bill of Rights significant according to the notes?

It established parliamentary supremacy and protected citizens' rights, changing the relationship between the monarchy and Parliament.

What right related to imprisonment is affirmed by the English Bill of Rights (as noted)?

Habeas Corpus: no person can be held in prison without being charged first.

What right to trial is mentioned in the notes as part of the English constitutional framework?

The right to trial by jury.

What did Magna Carta (1215) establish according to the notes?

Individual rights, right to a jury; no one is above the law, not even the king.

What did the Petition of Right (1628) declare?

Parliament is superior to the monarchy; the monarchy must consult Parliament about every more.

What does the English Bill of Rights (1689) emphasize regarding monarchy and Parliament?

Parliamentary supremacy and limits on the monarchy, including rights such as Habeas Corpus and jury trials.

What did the Toleration Act of 1689 address according to the notes?

Limited freedom to Quakers, Puritans, and other Protestants; Catholics had no religious freedom; Protestant groups could worship with limitations.

What did the Edict of Nantes (1598) provide?

Protection of French Protestants (Huguenots), religious toleration, and related freedoms.

What reflection question ties together the listed documents?

How did these documents influence the development of modern democratic principles?

Which absolute monarch is described as the 'Tsar who modernized Russia and founded St. Petersburg'?

Peter the Great.

Which monarch was the 'Absolute monarch of Prussia who fought against Austria'?

Frederick the Great.

Which Spanish monarch faced the defeat of the Spanish Armada?

Philip II.

Which French king said 'I am the state' and used the sun as his symbol?

Louis XIV.

Which English king lost his head after conflict with Parliament?

Charles I.

Which Russian empress furthered modernization and promoted education?

Catherine the Great.

Which Austrian monarch went to war with Prussia?

Maria Theresa.

Who were the two sides in the English Civil War, and who led the Parliamentarian side?

The Cavaliers and the Roundheads; Oliver Cromwell led the Roundheads.

What period followed the English Civil War when Parliament wielded more power?

The Commonwealth (Cromwell's Protectorate) period.