Jainism

Jina

conqueror

Tirthankara

bridge builder, ford maker

Rishabha

Adinatha, first jina. Brough jainism into world, created conventional orientation of what we do

Mallinatha

19th jina. disagreement on gender

Parashvanatha

23rd jina, revived jainism

Mahavira

Most recent Jina, taught of jiva, karma, and moksha

Digambara

sky clad. naked, smaller, conservative, women can't attain liberation

Svetambara

white clad. larger, liberal, women can attain liberation.

Caturvidhasangha

The Four Fold Community. Sadhus, sadhvis, shravakas, shravikas.

catur

four

vidha

fold

sangha

community

Sadhu

Male renunciates/monks

sadhvi

female renunciates/nuns

shravaka

lay men

shravika

lay women

ahimsa

nonviolence in mind, speech, or action. By encouragement, oneself, condoned.

aparaigraha

non possession

siddhaloka

liberated beings (moksha)

madhyaloa

middle part of the universe, humans and animals

naraka

Hell beings

devaloka

demi-gods, heavenly beings, divine beings

sallekhana

ritual fasting to death

Utsarpini

ascending in kalchakra

Avasarpini

descending in kalchakra

Kalachakra

jain time cycle

jiva/ajiva

soul and matter

karma

minute but real, attaches to jiva. Heavy weighs you down and light lifts jiva up.

moksha

stop influx of new karma and burn away all existing karma by asceticism

five vows

non-violence, truth, non-stealing, non-possession, chastity

ascetics extra vow

don't eat after dark

mahavratas

six vows for ascetics

anuvratas

five vows for laypeople

Six obligatory actions of an ascetic

Equanimity, devotion to jinas, homage to teachers, repentance 2x daily, "laying down the body", abandoning harmful substance