APUSH Time Period 7 p2

Zimmerman Note

note from Germany to Mexico proposing a Mexican-German alliance in WWI; said that if Mex. helped Germany defeat the US in the war, then Germany would ensure that Mex. got their previous territories in the SW US back

Selective Service Act

the conscription or “draft” of men ages 18-24 for the military during WWI; 24mil registered but only 4.8mil served in the war and only 2mil saw active combat

Great Migration

the period from 1916-1919 when 70k black Americans moved North to live in urbanized cities

Espionage Act of 1917

forbade actions that obstructed recruitment or promoted insubordination in the military

Sedition Act of 1918

crime to speak against the government or war bonds

Schneck v US

Supreme Court decision that freedom of speech rights don’t apply to “dangerous” speech; equated speaking against the gov. to “shouting fire in a crowded theater”

Prohibition

forbade the sale & consumption of alcohol, but not the production of it; started by the 18th Amendment and ended with the 21st

18th Amendment

began prohibition

21st Amendment

ended prohibition

Calvin Coolidge

roaring 20s president; pro-laissez faire & anti-union

Age of Prosperity

period of economic expansion (mass production & assembly lines) & the “age of the automobile” during the roaring 20s

Consumer Economy

economy based on ability to purchase both needs and wanst

Flappers

women in urban areas who went against societal expectations

Emergency Quote Act of 1921

strictly limited immigration into the US

Immigration Act of 1924

ended open immigration in the US; began the process of requiring applications in order to immigrate to the US

Sacco & Vanzetti Trial

two Italian immigrants in New York prosecuted for a crime they didn’t commit

Red Scare

fear that eastern European immigrants were communist and attempting a communist takeover of the US government

Palmer Raids

the “rounding up” of suspected communists by the gov; the active pursual and detention of suspected immigrants by the US

Scopes Trial

the debate between religious creationism and scientific evolution; an HS science teacher in TN was arrested and tried for teaching evolution at his public school; fined $1000 but later had his conviction overturned due to a judicial error

Margaret Sanger

founder of what would later become Planned Parenthood; strong proponent of birth control, but mostly because she was racist and wanted to prevent black women from having children

Great Depression

a severe economic crisis lasting from 1929 until the end of WWII; characterized by high unemployment, falling prices, and a significant decline in economic activity

Herbet Hoover

elected president in 1928; self-made millionaire; pro laissez-faire and so did nothing to respond to the warning signs of the GD

Harley-Smoot Tariff

created by Herbet Hoover; increased duties on foreign goods from 38.5% to 60%

Black Tuesday

October 29th, 1929; NYC stock market crash following the mass panic-selling by investors

Buying on the Margin

an investment practice of taking out loans in order to invest in stocks; risky due to the lack of guarantee that enough money would be made back to repay the loan

Bonus Army

WWI vets who descended on D.C. bc they wanted their military retirement bonuses early in order to cope with the depression; set up Hoovervilles (shanty towns) across the capitol; only left after Hoover ordered the military to remove them

Franklin D. Roosevelt

president who led the country during the GD and WWII; created & implemented the New Deal in order to address economic challenges & provide relief to citizens

Hundred Days

the period at the start of FDR’s administration in which he called an emergency session of congress in order to quickly pass legislature to slow the worsening of the GD

Emergency Banking Relief Act

law that only allowed banks to open if they had enough funds to pay their depositors

Fireside Chats

FDR’s radio speeches to the nation; helped reassure & communicate with the American public during both the Depression and WWII

The New Deal

collection of bills & programs developed by FDR; aimed to stop the worsening of & eventually end the Depression; 3 major goals

The 3 R’s

the term for the three main goals of the New Deal

Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation

regulated banks by insuring bank deposits; limited the gold standard to only internal banking transactions

Agricultural Adjustment Act

encouraged farmers to raise prices by lowering production in exchange for government subsidies; declared unconstitutional in 1935

Civilian Conservation Corps

employs young men in government-created jobs; salary sent directly back to their family except for a small stipend

Wagner Act

emphasizes the legality of labor unions; reinforces the Clayton Antitrust Act

Social Security Act

provides a stipend to elderly citizens who cannot work; paid for by taxpayers

Tennessee Valley Authority

provides jobs & electricity to rural southern areas; direct competition to GA power

Huey Long

major critic of FDR; “Share our wealth” = promised a redistribution of $

Court-Packing

FDR’s plan to increase the number of justices on the supreme court in order to “pack” the court with ally justices

Women’s Auxiliary Army Corps

allowed women volunteers to join the military & serve in non-combat positions

Rosie the Riveter

common figure in WWII propaganda encouraging women to support the home front

Double V Campaign

efforts to end discrimination in industry through black military involvement in WWII; shows that black men fought & died for the country, so they should be treated equally

A. Phillip Randolph

proponent of the Double V Campaign

War Production Board

rationed fuel & materials vital to the war effort during WWII

Office of Price Administration

fought wartime inflation by freezing wages, prices, & rent

Japanese Internment

after Pearl Harbor, many innocent Japanese-Americans are sent to internment camps due to being assumed to be sympathetic towards Japan

D-Day

military invasion of Normandy to invade Nazi-controlled northern France

Dwight D. Eisenhower

future president; commander at D-Day

Harry S. Truman

president after FDR; approved the atomic bombing of Hiroshima & Nagasaki