Cell Structure and Function Study Guide

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Biology

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38 Terms

1

Cell

The basic unit of structure and function in living things.

2

Cell theory

States that all living things are made of cells, cells are the basic unit of life, and all cells come from existing cells.

3

Cell membrane

A thin flexible barrier that surrounds the cell and regulates what enters and leaves.

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Term
Definition
6
Cell
The basic unit of structure and function in living things.
7
Cell Theory
All living things are made of cells, cells are the basic unit of life, and all cells come from existing cells.
8
Cell Membrane
A flexible barrier that surrounds the cell and regulates what enters and leaves.
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Nucleus
The control center of the cell that contains DNA.
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Eukaryote
An organism whose cells contain a nucleus.
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Prokaryote
An organism whose cells do not contain a nucleus.
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Cytoplasm
The fluid portion of the cell outside the nucleus.
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Organelle
A specialized structure that performs important cellular functions.
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Ribosome
A cell structure that makes proteins.
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Endoplasmic Reticulum
An internal membrane system where lipids and proteins are assembled.
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Golgi Apparatus
An organelle that modifies, sorts, and packages proteins.
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Vacuole
A saclike structure that stores materials.
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Lysosome
An organelle that breaks down waste and debris.
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Cytoskeleton
A network of protein filaments that supports the cell.
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Chloroplast
An organelle in plant cells that captures sunlight for photosynthesis.
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Mitochondrion
The powerhouse of the cell that converts energy.
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Cell Wall
A rigid layer that supports and protects plant cells.
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Lipid Bilayer
A double-layered sheet that makes up the cell membrane.
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Selectively Permeable
Allows some substances to pass while blocking others.
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Homeostasis
Maintaining stable internal conditions.
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Diffusion
Movement of particles from high to low concentration.
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Facilitated Diffusion
Diffusion through protein channels.
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Aquaporin
A water channel protein.
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Osmosis
Diffusion of water across a membrane.
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Isotonic
Solution with equal solute concentration.
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Hypertonic
Solution with higher solute concentration.
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Hypotonic
Solution with lower solute concentration.
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Osmotic Pressure
Pressure needed to stop osmosis.
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Tissue
A group of similar cells that perform a function.
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Organ
A group of tissues working together.
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Organ System
A group of organs performing complex functions.
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Receptor
A protein that receives and responds to signals.
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