Acids and Bases: properties, neutralization reaction, pH and pOH

acid properties

* aqueous solutions of acids are electrolytes, meaning they conduct an electrical current
* acids have a sour taste
* acids change the color of certain acid-base indicators (blue litmus = red, phenolpthalein = colorless)
* acids react with active metals to yield hydrogen gas
* acids react with bases to produce salt and water

base properties

1. Aqueous solutions of bases are also electrolytes. Bases can be either strong or weak, just as acids can.
2. Bases often have a bitter taste and are found in foods less frequently than acids. Many bases, like soaps, are slippery to the touch.
3. Bases also change the color of indicators. Litmus turns blue in the presence of a base while phenolphthalein turns pink.
4. Bases do not react with metals in the way that acids do.
5. Bases react with acids to produce a salt and water.

Acid - Arrhenius defintion

a compound that yields hydronium ions, H3O1+ as positive ions in aqueous solution

Acid - Bronsten-Lowry defintion

a compound that donates a hydrogen ion to another species

Vase - Arrhenious definition

a compound that yields hydroxide ions, OH1- as negative ions in aqueos solution

Base - Bronsten-Lowry definition

a compound that accepts a hydrogen ion, from another species

neutral solution

contains hydrogen ions and hydroxide ions in equal concentrations

Bronsted-Lowry Acid and Bases

acid: donor

base: accepting

the pH of a solution indicates

how acidic or basic that solution is

pH range

0-7 acidic

7 neutral

7-14 basic

neutralization

reaction between an acid and base to produce salt and water

to solve neutralization problems

mol (acid) = mol (base)

mol = M \* L